Circulation (cardiovascular system)

Question 1

Pulmonary circuit?

Answer 1

-deoxygenated blood exits the right ventricle
-pulmonary arteries
-oxygenation at the lungs(alveoli capillary)
-oxygenation blood collects into pulmonary veins
-oxygenated blood enter the left atrium

Question 2

Systemic circuit?

Answer 2

-oxygenated blood exits the left ventricle
-systemic arteries
-oxygen unloading at the organs
-deoxygenated blood collects into the systemic veins
-deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium

Question 3

Coronary circuit?

Answer 3

-blood supply to the heart

Question 4

Pulmonary artery carries?

Answer 4

deoxygenated blood

Question 5

Pulmonary vein carries?

Answer 5

oxygenated blood

Question 6

capillaries ?

Answer 6

connect arteries and veins

Question 7

blood vessels three layers of blood vessel surrounding lumen?

Answer 7

1)Tunica intima
2)Tunica media
3)Tunica externa

Question 8

Tunica intima

Answer 8

-innermost layer
-endothelium
-areolar connective tissue
-elastice membrane

Question 9

Tunica media

Answer 9

-middle layer
-circular smooth muscle
-elastic fibers
-sympathetic stimulation of muscle
-vasoconstriction blood flow through lumen

Question 10

Tunica externa

Answer 10

-outermost layer
-connective tissue
-blood vessels to supply tunica media and lymphatic vessels
-protective layer

Question 11

Types of arteries:Elastic arteries

Answer 11

-closest to the heart
-wide lumen
-thick walls
-higher amount of elastin fiber

Question 12

Types of arteries:Muscular arteries

Answer 12

-important for vascoconstriction
-thick smooth muscle layer

Question 13

Types of arteries:Arterioles

Answer 13

-lack tunica externa
-1-2 layers of smooth muscle in media

Question 14

Types of veins:Large, medium sized, venule

Answer 14

-have 3 tunics like arteries, expect venules only have tunica externa&very think tunica intima
-veins have broader lumen, thinner tunics
-lower blood pressure&blood velocities than arteries

Question 15

what if there isn’t enough pressure gradient to return blood back to heart?

Answer 15

-skeletal muscle contraction pressure the vein
-valves keep unidirectional flow

Question 16

Continuous capillaries?

Answer 16

-most common type, least permeability
-allow small solutes to pass wall
-brain, lungs, muscles

Question 17

fenestrated capillaries?

Answer 17

-have large pores
-allow bigger solutes&small peptides to pass through
-endocrine glands, parts of intestine, kidney

Question 18

Sinusoidal capillaries?

Answer 18

-very leaky
-allowing large molecules, proteins to pass
-liver, plasma proteins clotting factors synthesized in the liver enter blood

Question 19

precapillary sphincters

Answer 19

-regulate access&flow through a capillary bed
-allows directing the blood flow from one capillary bed to another

Question 20

Blood Flow:High pressure generated during?

Answer 20

-systole at the heart

Question 21

Blood flow:pressure falls as?

Answer 21

it moves away from the heart

Question 22

Blood flow:flow velocity highest in?

Answer 22

-aorta and the vena cava because they have the smallest total cross sectional area

Question 23

Autoregulation?

Answer 23

intrinsic ability of an organ to maintain blood flow by regulating the blood vessels

Question 24

signal triggering vasodilation?

Answer 24

-decrease [O2] i.e. hypoxia
-decreased pH i.e. acidosis
-increased temp
-increased lactic acid

Question 25

Baroreceptors ?

Answer 25

-present in walls of major arteries monitor blood pressure
-activation of these tigger peripheral vasodilation, reducing blood pressure to normal
-they send signal to brain, then signal to heart to decrease cardiac output

Question 26

chemoreceptors ?

Answer 26

-in the heart, brain, and carotid sinus monitor [O2], [CO2], pH