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Cell Biology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main layers of the GI tract starting from the lumen?

A
  1. Mucosa: made up of epithelium (lines lumen), lamina propria and muscularis mucosae (smooth muscle, thin layer 2-3 layers)
  2. submucosa: dense CT vascular
  3. muscularis: made up of circular muscle and longitudinal muscle (both smooth muscle)
  4. Serosa: adventia, loose CT
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2
Q

what type of epithelium is the mucosa layer?

A

simple columnar epithelium (this is what lines SI and LI, esophagus differs).

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3
Q

brunners glands are only located where?

A

duodenum (first part of SI), intestinal glands also here. brunners glands located no where else but other parts have intestinal glands.

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4
Q

how long is the avg esophagus? does absorption occur here? it is lined by?

A

around 25cm
NO
stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium

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5
Q

esophagogastric junction marks the point where?

A

esophagus (stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium) becomes simple columnar epithelium (which is what lines stomach)

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6
Q

what is the cardia?

A

point where esophagus becomes stomach

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7
Q

what are the three parts of the stomach?

A

fundus (top of stomach)
body
pylorus (distal, goes to duodenum)

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8
Q

what type of folding is in the stomach?

A

gastric rugae (longitudinal folds) allows stomach to contract and expand

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9
Q

it is important for the esophagus to be protected from what?

A

acid (stratified squamous non keratinized epithelium helps do this)

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10
Q

what are gastric pits?

A

glands of the stomach, contains cells/eznymes for digestion. depending on which part of stomach your in the name can change i.e. cardiac pits, fundic, pyloric.

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11
Q

what type of tissue lines gastric pits?

A

simple columnar epithelium (lumen in middle)

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12
Q

What type of cells do the gastric pits contain?

A

goblet cells, paretial cells (secrete and synthesize HCl

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13
Q

what type of folds are located in SI?

A

transverse folds called plicae circularis, allows for contraction and expansion. they become more prominant from proximal to distal.

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14
Q

what are the three parts of the SI from proximal to distal?

A

duodenum, jejunum and ilium.

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15
Q

what is unique about the jejunum in terms of villi?

A

they are LONG

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16
Q

what is unique about the ilium?

A

contain peyers patches or GALT (gastrointestinal associated lymphatic tissue), aggregates of 1000s of WBC, act as 1st line of defense.

17
Q

intestinal glands also known as? located between what? lined with what type of tissue? what cells are located here?

A

crypts of lieberkuhn (invagination of mucosa)
villi
simple columnar epithelium
goblet cells and paneth cells (contain digestive enzymes)

18
Q

what is the tissue that is below villi and located between intestinal glands?

A 
laminia propria (part of mucosa)
type of CT and is vascular.
19
Q

where are brunners glands located in duodenum? what do they secrete? intestinal glands are located in which layer? lacteal is located in which layer (absorption occurs here)?

A

submucosa
mucous and serous (therefore enzymes and mucin)
lamina propria.
lamina propria

20
Q

what surrounds plica circularis of SI?

A

villi

21
Q

villi in jejunum are long, are they long anywhere else?

A

no short in duodenum and ilium.

22
Q

duodenum in the SI is the first place of?

A

absorption!

23
Q

peyers patches or GALT are located where?

A

ilium

24
Q

what is a major difference between LI and SI?

A

SI has villi while LI does NOT!

25
Q

which cells are located in LI?

A 
goblet (secrete mucin)
absorptive cells (little absorption done here, most done in SI, mainly water absorbed here)
progenitor cells (regenerate epi lining)
endocrine cells.
26
Q

what tissue lines LI?

A

simple columnar epithelium

27
Q

regeneration of the epithelium lining is done by? in the stomach what type of regeneration is used? in SI? is regeneration in epithelium cells continous?

A

stem cells
bidirectional flow (stem cells in middle, regenerate in both directions
in SI, unidirectional flow, stem cells located much deeper, they move upward and slough off.
YES

28
Q

90-95% of malignant tumors in GI tract are from what source? tumors of large intestine are normally from?

A 
epithelial cells
glandular epithelium (called adenocarcinomas, 2nd most common cause of cancer deaths in US)

Cell Biology (24 decks)

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