Cartilage Flashcards
Where is cartilage located?
trachea, ear, respiratory tree and joints.
What is the mature cell type found in cartilage? what are they surrounded by? and what is located in this surrounding layer?
chondrocytes
perichondrium (immature firboblasts are here which mature to chondroblasts and further mature to chondrocytes)
is cartilage avascular or vascular?
avascular
What do chondrocytes contain?
lipids, glycogen, well developed RER (highly active in protein synthesis), golgi
Can cartilage regenerate quickly?
NO, limited mitosis.
What act as spacers for collagen?
PG (made up of GAGs and collagen)
Major difference between the matrix of cartilage and matrix of bone?
matrix of cartilage is NON mineralized and AVASCULAR.
What are the three main types of cartilage? which is the most common?
hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage.
hyaline.
Where does hyaline cartilage normally get its blood supply from?
surrounding adipose tissue (highly vascular)
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
articular surfaces of joints, tracheal rings, bronchi, larynx, nose, rib cartilage.
two big characteristics of hyaline cartilage are?
resilience and pliability
What are isogenous groups?
cells located right next to one another because they have just recently divided.
what is a territorial matrix?
newer matrix, surrounds cells that have recently divided, close to one another.
what is an interterritorial matrix?
older matrix, around cells that have not recently divided.
What are two types of cartilage growth?
- appositional: cells growing from both ends and moving toward the center. main type of growth, more mature.
- interstitial: isogenous groups growing by mitosis, grows from center and moves outwards. during early growth/development
Main type of collagen in hyaline cartilage?
type 2
territorial matrix often surrounds what type of groups?
isogenous
What are lacunae?
holes in extracellular matrix where cells live, fluid filled.
what are the two main components of the extracellular matrix in hyaline cartilage?
collagen 2 and PG.
hyaline cartilage is normally surrounded by perichrondrium, what is the exception? what is the perichondrium made up of?
articular cartilage (around joints) outer fibrous layer (fibroblasts here), inner chondrogenic layer (where chondroblasts are) and blood vessels.
What differs between the extracellular matrix of elastic compared to hyaline?
elastic has similar matrix to hyaline but has elastic fibres and sheets (also has collagen type 2 and PGs)
Where is elastic cartilage located?
ear, auditory canal, tube, epiglottis, larynx.
Three main characteristics of elastic cartilage?
resilient, elasticity and pliability.
is elastic cartilage avascular or vascular?
avascular
what is elastic cartilage surrounded by?
perichondrium
How are the chondrocytes arranged in fibrocartilage?
aggregates of small cells (fewer and smaller cells compared to other types), with many collagen one bundles
what type of collagen is found in fibrocartilage?
type 1 AND type 2
where is fibrocartilage located?
intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis, articular discs, menisci and tendon attachments.
does firbocartilage have the perichondrium layer?
not in adults.
what happens in arthritis? which type of cartilage is most prone?
calcification of articular cartilage (cartilage becomes bone usually during aging)
hyaline
