Blood Flashcards
Blood is what type of tissue?
connective tissue
How does the blood regulate body temperature?
through vasomotor techniques
What two compartments make up the extracellular matrix? What layers separates these two compartments?
plasma (3.5L) and interstitial fluid (10.5L)
endothelium (simple squamous epithelium)
What separates the extracellular compartment from the intracellular compartment?
bilayer membrane
Blood is made up of what two components?
What is the largest compartment made up of? the smaller compartment?
plasma (55%) and cells (formed elements, 45%)
plasma: 90% water, 9% protein (fibrogens, albumen and globulins) and 1% solutes (ions)
cells: RBC, WBC and platelets.
What is unique about platelets?
they are NOT cells, they are small tiny portions of cells.
What are the two major groups of leukocytes?
Agranulocytes (contain very small granules but can’t be seen at light level therefore appears to have none)
Granuocytes (larger granules, can be seen at light level)
What cells are considered agranulocytes? name one characterizing thing about each for identification.
- lymphocytes (smallest WBC, takes up entire cell)
2. Monocytes (largest WBC, nucleus takes up half of cell)
What cells are considered granulocytes? name one characterizing thing about each for identification.
- Neutrophils:multiglobular nucleus, 3-5 lobes
- Eosinophils: pink stained granules
- Basophils: purple/dark blue stained granules, can barely see nucleus because granules are so dark.
What are the three compartments when taking a hematocrit? What are the normal hematocrit values? what if it is lower?
packed RBC (which is what we get the hematocrit value from since it is the amount of RBC per total amount of tissue), buffy coat (makes up 1%, made up of WBC and platelets) and the rest is plasma.
the normal hematocrit values are 35-55%
if lower, considered anemic.
what needs to be present in order for the three layers found when taking a hematocrit?
anticoagulant. when this is absent, we get fibrinogens clotting blood cells which brings all the RBC to the bottom and serum is left on top which is everything else.
the three proteins present in blood plasma are?
fibrinogens (largest, synthesized in liver, normally soluble but when a wound occurs, it becomes insoluble and forms clots)
albumins: smallest, prevents excessive movement of fluid from outside to inside
globulins: antibodies
Size of RBC? do they have organelles? What is the intermediate protein? Where are RBCs made? how long do they last in blood stream?
7-8umx2.6um
NO
Spectrin allows for elasticity and is responsible for unique shape.
made in bone and marrow and circulate for 120 days until eaten by a macrophage.
What are the two proteins involved in stabilization of RBCs?
glycophorin: attaches to actin/spectrin and helps stabilize shape of the cell.
band 3: transmembrane protein, has a channel. ankyrin anchors spectrin to band 3.
alterations in the shape of RBCs are due to defects in what? what two types can occur? side affects seen in both are?
cytoskeleton (spectrin)
1. eliptocytosis: abnormal self assocation of SUs, forms oval shape, auto dom.
2. pherocytosis: forms a circular shape, deficiency in spectrin, auto dom.
jaundice, anemia and enlarged spleen (which can be curative).
