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Physiology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

name the key places of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus

A

mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anus

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2
Q

what are the 3 parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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3
Q

what is the endocrine function of the pancreas

A

secretion of glucagon and insulin into the vascular system

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4
Q

what is the exocrine function of the pancreas

A

secretion of pancreatic juices, which are hormones and enzymes

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5
Q

what is the role of the liver in digestion

A

produce bile
metabolise fats, amino acids, sugars and proteins
storage unit for fats, vitamins A,D, and B12, iron, and glycogen
activation of vitamin D

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6
Q

what are the 5 parts of the larynx

A

epiglotis
supraglottis
vocal cord
glottis
subglottis

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7
Q

what are the 2 main constituents of the digestive system

A

the GI tract and the accessory organs

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8
Q

what are the 2 sphincters of the duodenum

A

the pyloric sphincter and the sphincter of oddi

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9
Q

which are the 2 most significant cells of the stomach

A

the goblet cells and the parietal cells

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10
Q

which cells serve to protect the lining of the stomach

A

the goblet cells, they make mucus

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11
Q

which cells make hydrochloric acid in the stomach

A

the parietal cells

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12
Q

what are the 5 key sections of the stomach

A

cardia
fundus
body
antrum
pyloris

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13
Q

what is the role of the sphincter of oddi

A

controls the flow of bile and pancreatic secretions into the duodenum

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14
Q

what is the pulpy acidic fluid which passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food called

A

chyme

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15
Q

what is gastric juice composed of (4)

A

water, hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor (a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells) and pepsinogen

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16
Q

what are the 4 layers of the stomach

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

17
Q

what is in the mucosa layer of the stomach

A

gastric glands, leading to gastric pits

18
Q

what is in the submucosa layer of the stomach

A

blood vessels

19
Q

what is in the muscularis layer of the stomach

A

oblique muscle layer
circular muscle layer
longitudinal muscle layer

20
Q

what is in the serosa layer of the stomach

A

connective tissue

21
Q

what is the peritoneum

A

the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
(a smooth tissue membrane of mesothelium lining the contents and inner walls of body cavities, which secrete serous fluid)

22
Q

what are the type of cells of the digestive system

A

enterocytes

23
Q

what happens in the large intestine

A

mainly absorption of water, also holds the microbiome

24
Q

what are the 3 phases of digestion

A

cephalic
gastric
intestinal

25
Q

what is a calorie

A

the unit of energy it takes to raise 1kg of water bt 1 degree celsius

26
Q

where does the esophagus begin

A

C6

27
Q

what is the role of the oral cavity

A

mechanically break down food, and get a sense of texture, temperature and flavour

28
Q

which structure creates the gag reflex

A

uvula

29
Q

what are the 3 types of salivary gland

A

parotid
sublingual
submandibular

30
Q

where are the hunger hormones produced

A

leptin in the adipose tissue
ghrelin in the GI tract

31
Q

how long is the small intestine

A

6m from the pyloris to the cecum

32
Q

what is the series of involuntary wave-like muscle contractions which move food along the digestive tract

A

peristalsis

33
Q

what are the specialist cells of the small intestine and what is their role

A

goblet cells - protect the lining with musus
enterocytes - absorption into blood

34
Q

what are the 3 parts of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
orppharynx
laryngopharynx

35
Q

how does omeprazole work (proton pump inhibitor)

A

by blocking the action of the parietal cells that produce hydrochloric acid

36
Q

what are we mainly made of, broken down to the smallest molecules

A

amino acids
fatty acids
nucleic acids
monosaccharides

Physiology (14 decks)

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