Digestive System Flashcards
name the key places of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anus
what are the 3 parts of the small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
what is the endocrine function of the pancreas
secretion of glucagon and insulin into the vascular system
what is the exocrine function of the pancreas
secretion of pancreatic juices, which are hormones and enzymes
what is the role of the liver in digestion
produce bile
metabolise fats, amino acids, sugars and proteins
storage unit for fats, vitamins A,D, and B12, iron, and glycogen
activation of vitamin D
what are the 5 parts of the larynx
epiglotis
supraglottis
vocal cord
glottis
subglottis
what are the 2 main constituents of the digestive system
the GI tract and the accessory organs
what are the 2 sphincters of the duodenum
the pyloric sphincter and the sphincter of oddi
which are the 2 most significant cells of the stomach
the goblet cells and the parietal cells
which cells serve to protect the lining of the stomach
the goblet cells, they make mucus
which cells make hydrochloric acid in the stomach
the parietal cells
what are the 5 key sections of the stomach
cardia
fundus
body
antrum
pyloris
what is the role of the sphincter of oddi
controls the flow of bile and pancreatic secretions into the duodenum
what is the pulpy acidic fluid which passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food called
chyme
what is gastric juice composed of (4)
water, hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor (a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells) and pepsinogen
what are the 4 layers of the stomach
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa
what is in the mucosa layer of the stomach
gastric glands, leading to gastric pits
what is in the submucosa layer of the stomach
blood vessels
what is in the muscularis layer of the stomach
oblique muscle layer
circular muscle layer
longitudinal muscle layer
what is in the serosa layer of the stomach
connective tissue
what is the peritoneum
the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
(a smooth tissue membrane of mesothelium lining the contents and inner walls of body cavities, which secrete serous fluid)
what are the type of cells of the digestive system
enterocytes
what happens in the large intestine
mainly absorption of water, also holds the microbiome
what are the 3 phases of digestion
cephalic
gastric
intestinal
what is a calorie
the unit of energy it takes to raise 1kg of water bt 1 degree celsius
where does the esophagus begin
C6
what is the role of the oral cavity
mechanically break down food, and get a sense of texture, temperature and flavour
which structure creates the gag reflex
uvula
what are the 3 types of salivary gland
parotid
sublingual
submandibular
where are the hunger hormones produced
leptin in the adipose tissue
ghrelin in the GI tract
how long is the small intestine
6m from the pyloris to the cecum
what is the series of involuntary wave-like muscle contractions which move food along the digestive tract
peristalsis
what are the specialist cells of the small intestine and what is their role
goblet cells - protect the lining with musus
enterocytes - absorption into blood
what are the 3 parts of the pharynx
nasopharynx
orppharynx
laryngopharynx
how does omeprazole work (proton pump inhibitor)
by blocking the action of the parietal cells that produce hydrochloric acid
what are we mainly made of, broken down to the smallest molecules
amino acids
fatty acids
nucleic acids
monosaccharides
