Digestive Cloze Delete Style - Sheet1 Flashcards
The combination of lipid and protein is referred to as a ______.
Chylomicron
______-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are included with ingested dietary lipids in micelles and are absorbed by simple diffusion.
Fat
______-soluble vitamins (B and C) are absorbed by simple diffusion.
Water
______ mechanisms are primarily used for electrolyte absorption in the small intestine.
Active Transport
Water absorption in the GI tract occurs by ______ from the lumen of the intestines through epithelial cells into blood capillaries.
Osmosis
The large intestine extends from the ______ sphincter to the anus.
Ileocecal
The subdivisions of the large intestine include the cecum, colon, rectum, and ______ canal.
Anal
Inflammation of the ______ is called appendicitis.
Appendix
The colon is divided into the ascending, transverse, descending, and ______ portions.
Sigmoid
The specialized portions of the longitudinal muscles in the colon are called ______.
Teniae Coli
The Teniae Coli contract and gather the colon into a series of pouches called ______.
Haustra
The last stages of chemical digestion occur in the large intestine through ______ action.
Bacterial
Feces consist of water, inorganic salts, sloughed-off epithelial cells, bacteria, products of bacterial decomposition, and undigested parts of ______.
Food
The elimination of feces from the rectum is called ______.
Defecation
______ refers to frequent defecation of liquid feces and can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.
Diarrhea
______ refers to infrequent or difficult defecation and is caused by decreased motility of the intestines.
Constipation
The ______ phase of digestion consists of reflexes initiated by sensory receptors in the head.
Cephalic
The ______ phase of digestion can be regulated by neural and hormonal mechanisms.
Gastric
During the gastric phase, the release of gastrin and gastric juice is stimulated by ______.
Acetylcholine
______ stimulates the release of bicarbonate ions and inhibits gastric juice secretion during the intestinal phase.
Secretin
The ______ reflex reduces gastric emptying during the intestinal phase.
Enterogastric
The ______ phase of digestion begins when partially digested food enters the small intestine.
Intestinal
Aging of the digestive system decreases ______ of the digestive organs.
Motility
General changes with aging include decreased secretory mechanisms, decreased motility, loss of strength and tone of digestive tissues, and diminished response to ______ and internal sensations.
Pain
The ______ of lipids into the lymphatic system occurs through the absorption of dietary lipids.
Transport
______-soluble vitamins are absorbed in micelles along with dietary lipids.
Fat
The process of increasing the surface area for nutrient absorption in the small intestine is called ______.
Brush Border
______ breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides.
Emulsification
The enzyme in pancreatic juice that breaks down carbohydrates is called ______.
Amylase
The hormone that regulates pH and pancreatic secretion by buffering acid in chyme is called ______.
Secretin
______ is a type of localized contraction in the small intestine that helps mix food.
Segmentation
The absorption of lipids into the lymphatic system involves the formation of ______.
Chylomicrons
The fingerlike projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption are called ______.
Villi
The process where proteins are broken down into peptides is called ______.
Hydrolyze
The substance produced by hepatocytes that aids in digestion is ______.
Bile
The organ that stores bile is called the ______.
Gallbladder
______ are used for absorbing fat-soluble vitamins.
Micelles
The term for the absorption of nutrients into the lymphatic system is called ______.
Chylomicrons
The primary movement that propels chyme through the intestinal tract is called ______.
Peristalsis
The breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides occurs through ______.
Emulsification
______ in the small intestine absorb lipids.
Lacteal
______ is the release of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum.
Gastric Emptying
The process where carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides is called ______.
Hydrolyze
The role of the ______ in lipid digestion is to absorb dietary fats and vitamins.
Gallbladder
The chemical breakdown of proteins into peptides involves enzymes such as ______.
Trypsin
The transportation of lipids into the lymphatic system is called the ______.
Chylomicrons
The hormone that stimulates bile secretion and regulates pH is ______.
Secretin
