Digestive and Excretory Systems Flashcards
Structures in order that food passes
1.Mouth
2.Pharynx
3.Esophagus
4.Stomach
5.Duodenum
6. Jejunum
7.ileum
8. Vermiform appendix
9.ascedning colon
10. transverse colon
11. descending colon
12. Sigmoid colon
13. Rectum
14. anal cavity
What is digestion and where does it happen
Digestion- The process of breaking down food into molecules.
-Mouth
-Stomach
What is absorption and where does it happen
Absorption- process by which the end products of digestion; nutrients are transferred into the circulatory system.
-Small intestine
Excretion, where does it happen
Excretion- Process of removing metabolic waste products, primarily nitrogen compounds from the blood. regulates balance of water and other substances in blood.
-Kidneys
Filtration
Process through which materials from the blood are forced out of the glomerulus and into Bowman’s capsule.
-Nephrons inside of kidneys
Peristalsis
Rhythmic muscular contractions and relaxation that push bolus to the stomach
-Esophagus
Bolus
Food ball, peristalsis pushes bolus to stomach
Chyme
partly digested food and gastric fluid in stomach and beyond.
Amylase
Enzyme in saliva that digests starch
Pancreatic fluid
produced by pancreas, helps in digestion
Bile
emulsifying agent that breaks fat globules into small droplets (Digests fats) Produced by liver.
Villi
FInger like projections, increase surface area in the small intestine.
Nephrons
Every kidney has more that 1 million, plays a crucial role in filtration
Mouth
Breaks down food into smaller particles, mechanical digestion
Pharynx
passageway for air and food
Esophagus
connects pharynx to stomach
Stomach
holding organ, Mechanical and chemical digestion
Liver
secretes bile which breaks down fat globules. Gallbladder then stores and concentrates the bile
Pancreas
Secretes pancreatic fluid, turns chyme into a base, and maintains blood sugar levels.
Small intestines
Absorption, nutrients are transferred into the circulatory system.
Large intestines
absorbs water and vitamins from contents
List the structures in order of where urine starts to where it ends.
- Bowman’s capsule
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Distal convoluted tubule
4.Collecting ducts,
5.renal pelvis,
6.ureter,
7.urinary bladder,
urethra
Proximal convoluted Tubule
In this region, 85% of the filtrate returns to the capillaries by osmosis and diffusion. From tubule to blood.
Distal convoluted tubule
in this region some substances pass from the blood into the filtrate through a process called secretion. From blood to tubules
Substates pass from blood to tubules through secretion
