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Biology II > Skeletal and Muscular > Flashcards

Skeletal and Muscular Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Head area

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2
Q

Spinal Cavity

A

Spine area

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3
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

above diaphragm, heart and llungs

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4
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

below diaphragm, digestive system

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5
Q

Muscular Tissue and EX

A

Cells that contract (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.)

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6
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Cells that Transmit messages (brain tissue)

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7
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Epidermis

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8
Q

Connective tissue

A

bones, blood.

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9
Q

4 functions of Skeletal system

A

1.Support- keeps body upright
2.Protect Organs
3.Attachment site for muscles
4.Blood Cell Production

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10
Q

Compact bone

A

Covers surface of bone

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11
Q

Spongy bone

A

helps with flexibility and to help with weight, ends and center of the bone

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12
Q

Periosteum

A

Outer covering of bones, contains nerves and blood vessels

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13
Q

Ossifacation

A

Development of bones
1.Starts in cartilage- replaced by bone
2.Growth plate allows for longitudinal growth.

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14
Q

Osteons

A

Cylindrical structural units of bone, Includes Harversian and Volkman’s canals

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15
Q

Osteoblasts bone cell

A

Bone building cells

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16
Q

Ostecytes bone cells

A

mature bone cells trapped by secretion of matrix

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17
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Cells that digest bone matrix

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18
Q

Ligaments and injury

A

Bone to Bone, Sprain

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19
Q

Tendons and injury

A

Muscle to bone- strain

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20
Q

Hinge joints

A

knee and elbow

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21
Q

Pivot joints

A

head and neck

22
Q

Angular, gliding or saddle joints

A

Wrists and ankles

23
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

hip and shoulder

24
Q

Bursae

A

fluid sacs that reduce friction and absorb shock

25
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Thick liquid that lubricates and absorbs shock

26
Q

Articular cartilage

A

at the ends of movable bones, reduces friction

27
Q

Haversian Canals

A

Holes in bone that contain nerves and blood vessels

28
Q

Skeletal muscle tissue

A

Voluntary, striated, stimulated by nerves to contract

29
Q

Cardiac muscle tissue

A

Involuntary, Striated, self stimulated by electrical signals of pacemaker

30
Q

Smooth muscle tissue

A

Involuntary, no striations, stimulated by nerves

31
Q

All or none response

A

Either a single fiber contracts or it doesn’t

32
Q

Isotonic contractions

A

alternative flexion and extension (Walking, biking, weight lifting)

33
Q

Isometric contractions

A

sustained contraction of muscles without range of motion (Planks)

34
Q

Isokenetic

A

Constant variable contraction with range of motion (Physical therapy machines)

35
Q

Plyometric

A

stretching a muscle before it contracts to increase force of contraction (Jumping)

36
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

Lack of ATP because of death, lasts about 18 hours until body starts to decompose

37
Q

Fast twitch fibers

A

white fibers, contract quickly, fatigue quickly, anaerobic

38
Q

Slow twitch fibers

A

Red fibers, slower contractions, longer endurance, aerobic fibers.

39
Q

What does the Greek word for arthroscope mean

A

to look within the joint

40
Q

Most common areas for arthroscopic surgery

A

Shoulder, knee, wrists, ankles, hip

41
Q

Why is Arthroscopy so popular

A

It is easier on the patient

42
Q

Risks or complications of arthroscopy

A

infection, blood clots, swelling, bleeding, damage to blood vessels or nerves, instrument breakage,

43
Q

Endoscopy surgery

A

intestinal tract

44
Q

Arthroscopy surgery

A

interior of a joint

45
Q

Laparoscopy surgery

A

interior of abdominal or pelvic cavity

46
Q

Thoracoscopy surgery

A

Chest cavity

47
Q

Sliding Filament theory step 1

A

Nerve transmit message, Ca+ is released

48
Q

Sliding Filament theory step 2

A

Ca+ removes protien from the binding site, myosin binds to actin

49
Q

Sliding Filament theory step 3

A

Myosin pulls actin inwards, Z lines move closer together

50
Q

Sliding Filament theory step 4

A

All sacromeres shorten in muscle fiber, muscle fiber contracts

51
Q

Sliding Filament theory step 5

A

ATP breaks bonds, Ca+ leaves cell causing relaxation.

52
Q

Volkman canals

A

Connect the blood and nerve supply in the periosteum to those haversion canals and the medullary cavity

Biology II (7 decks)

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