Differential Educational Achievement: Ethnicity (Internal Factors) Flashcards
What does Interactionist/Labelling theory focus on?
How teachers label pupils from different ethnic groups differently, particularly Black and Asian pupils negatively.
According to Gilbourn & Youdell, how do teachers discipline Black pupils?
Teachers were quick to discipline Black pupils than others for similar behavior.
What misconception do teachers have about Black pupils’ behavior?
Teachers misinterpret behavior and see Black pupils as anti-authority. This creates conflict between teachers & pupils which reinforce stereotypes & leads to further problems
Who found that Black students are more likely to be excluded from mainstream education?
Osler.
What does Bourne suggest about the perception of Black boys in schools?
Schools see Black boys as a threat, leading to negative labeling and eventual exclusion.
What effect do teachers’ stereotypes of Black students have on their academic placement and who proposed this idea?
It could result in them being put in lower sets, leading to a self-fulfilling prophecy of underachievement.
Foster
What did Wright’s study reveal about Asian students in a multi-ethnic primary school?
Asian students suffer from labeling and teachers hold ethnocentric views.
What is the ‘ideal pupil identity’ characterized by?
- White middle class * Masculine identity * Normal sexuality * Achieving through natural ability and talent.
What defines the ‘pathologized pupil identity’?
- Deserving poor * Feminized identity * Asexual/repressed sexuality * Plodding conformist.
What does the ‘demonized pupil identity’ represent?
- Black or white working class * Hyper-sexualized * Unintelligent * Culturally deprived * Underachiever.
What was the result of Fuller’s study on Black girls in a London Comprehensive?
They did not conform to all school values so were placed in lower streams but valued educational success enough to push themselves.
What are the three types of teacher racism identified by Mizra?
- The Colour Blind * The Liberal Chauvinists * Overt Racists.
What strategies do Black girls use to cope with teacher racism?
Being selective about who they ask for help and getting on with their own work.
This puts them at a disadvantage by restricting their opportunities therefore causing under-achievement.
Who identified different responses of boys to racist stereotypes and what are they?
Sewell.
The Rebels, The conformists, The Innovators.
What characterizes ‘The Rebels’ group among Black boys?
They reject school values and reinforce negative stereotypes of ‘Black Machismo.’
– The most influential group but still a minority
What is the ‘conformists’ group among Black pupils known for?
The majority who accepted school values and were eager to succeed.
What characterizes ‘The Innovators’ among Black boys?
Second largest group who were pro-education but anti-school. They distanced themselves from ‘Conformists’ enough to keep credibility with the ‘Rebels’ whilst valuing education success
What does ‘institutional racism’ refer to?
Racism that is ingrained in the structures and processes of society.
What did Roithmayer describe about institutional racism?
It is locked in inequality that is large and historical, often unconscious.
How does marketisation contribute to racial inequality in education and who proposed this idea?
It allows for more covert selection, leading to segregation.
Gillbourn
What did the Commission for Racial Equality note about covert selection procedures?
They led to ethnic minority students being more likely to be in unpopular schools.
What is an example of an ethnocentric curriculum?
A curriculum that reflects the culture of one ethnic group, usually the dominant culture.
Who researched ethno-centric curriculums
Tronya and Bell – lack of
teaching of Asian languages
What impact does teacher assessment have on Black students, according to Sanders & Horn?
Changing from written tests to teacher assessment led to Black students underachieving.
