Childbearing Flashcards
What does the total fertility rate (TFR) measure?
The number of children who would be born per woman if she were to pass through the childbearing years according to current age-specific fertility rates.
TFR is often represented as the number of children per 1,000 women.
Define general fertility rate (GFR).
The total number of live births per 1,000 women of reproductive age (ages 15 to 49 years) in a population per year.
GFR is a key demographic measure for understanding reproductive patterns.
What is the birth rate?
The number of live births per thousand of population per year.
Birth rate is an important indicator of population growth.
How is average family size defined?
The number of children in the household.
What defines average household size?
The number of people residing in a single residence.
What was the total fertility rate (TFR) in 1900 and 2012?
1900: 4.3, 2012: 1.83.
What was the general fertility rate (GFR) in 1900 and 2012?
1900: 115:1000, 2012: 64:1000.
What was the birth rate in 1900 and 2012?
1900: 28:1000, 2012: 12:1000.
What was the average family size in 1900 and 2012?
1900: 6, 2012: 1.7.
What was the average household size in 1900 and 2012?
1900: 4.6, 2012: 2.4.
What impact has contraception had on fertility rates?
It has allowed women and couples to control the number of children they have and when they decide to have them.
How has education influenced family size?
Children have gone from being an economic asset to an economic burden due to compulsory education.
What is the average age of first child as of now and why?
30 years old.
Many women now want to have a career of their own and due to this they will have have children later in life giving them less time to have more children
What effect has infant mortality rate had on family size?
Fewer families are compensating by having more children because fewer children die in childhood.
What was the infant mortality rate in 1900 compared to 2015?
1900: 22.5% of live births died before 5 years, 2015: 0.5%.
Why does geographic mobility encourage smaller families?
It makes it easier to pack up and move elsewhere as the modern labour force needs to mobile.
What are changing values regarding parenthood?
Many couples are now deciding that they do not want children, which is now accepted in society.
What is the estimated cost of raising a child from birth to 18 years?
Around £235,000.
What is the dependency ratio?
An age-population ratio of those typically not in the labor force and those typically in the labor force.
What is the impact of declining birth rates on immigration?
Immigration becomes more important to fill gaps in the labor market.
Who coined the term ‘Beanpole family’?
Julia Brannon.
What is a Beanpole family?
A family type where generations are living longer but have fewer members in each generation.
What did the Family Policy Studies Centre find regarding voluntary childlessness in 2000?
1 in 5 women aged 40 had chosen not to have children.
Fill in the blank: The push factor for women regarding parenthood is seeing it as conflicting with _______.
[careers and leisure activities].
