Differential Educational Achievement: Class (External Factors) Flashcards
What is cultural deprivation
having inferior norms and values, skills and knowledge that make it difficult to access
education.
what is material deprivation
means not having the resources or spaces available to do well in school – linked to poverty.
what are external factors
External Factors means elements from outside of the school environment which will
effect educational achievement.
What is the significance of the way parents communicate with their children?
Cultural Deprivation
It is essential for cognitive development and challenges children to evaluate their thinking as suggested by Hubbs-Tait
According to Feinstein, which type of families is more likely to encourage cognitive ability in children?
Cultural Deprivation
Families where the parents are educated and therefore middle class.
What are the two different language codes identified by Bernstein for working class and middle class?
Cultural Deprivation
Working class uses a restricted code; middle class uses an elaborate code.
Restricted code involves simple grammar, limited vocab, and gestures; elaborate code involves complex grammar and fuller sentences.
How does the education system favor middle class students?
Cultural Deprivation
Teachers, textbooks, and the education system tend to use the elaborate code so puts M/C at an advantage.
What did Douglas say about parental attitudes’ impact on educational achievement?
Cultural Deprivation
He argued that working class parents place less value on education and therefore are less likely to push their children academically and visit school less often and as a result the children have lower levels of motivation and achievement
According to Fienstien, what parenting style difference exists between working class and middle class parents?
Cultural Deprivation
Middle class parents are more consistent in terms of discipline and educational behaviors.
What are the four elements of the working class subculture identified by Sugarman?
Cultural Deprivation
- Fatalism
- Collectivism
- Immediate Gratification
- Present time Orientation
which leads to underachievement in education
How is material deprivation linked with social class?
Material Deprivation
It is more likely for working class families to have low household income and inadequate housing which can lead to low educational achievement.
What hidden costs of education can disadvantage working class pupils and who proposed this idea?
Material Deprivation
- Transport
- Books
- Computers
- Uniforms
- Equipment
- Field trips
Tanner
Tanner points to these costs placing a burden on working class families.
What does Flaherty say about material deprivation?
Material Deprivation
Flaherty also suggests that there is a stigma attached
to those on FSM which prevents to some from taking
up the entitlements
What did Ridge say about the cost of education?
Material Deprivation
Ridge highlights that working class pupils might need to take on paid work whilst still at school in order to help the household which takes time away from study.
How can housing and health affect educational achievement?
Material Deprivation
Overcrowding can lead to lack of space for study and disturbed sleep, while poor health affects welfare and attendance.
What dietary issues do children from poorer families face according to Howard?
Material Deprivation
They have poorer diets and nutrition, leading to lack of energy and higher absence rates.
What correlation did Wilkinson find regarding lower income backgrounds?
Material Deprivation
Wilkinson also points out that there are higher rates of hyperactivity and ADHD amongst 10 year old who are from lower income backgrounds which can lead to issues with education.
What are the three types of capital identified by Bourdieu?
Bourdieu and Capital
- Cultural Capital - referring to the knowledge, attitudes, values ,language and abilities of the middleclass.
- Economic Capital – referring to money and household income.
- Educational Capital
How can the three types of capital be converted according to Bourdieu?
Bourdieu and Capital
They are interlinked; for example, economic capital can be used for private schooling and tutors to increase academic attainment.
What was the focus of Alice Sullivan’s 2001 study?
Bourdieu and Capital
To assess students’ cultural capital using questionnaires.
What did Alice Sullivan find regarding cultural capital and educational achievement?
Bourdieu and Capital
Students with greater cultural capital, especially children of graduates, were more likely to succeed at GCSE.
True or False: Cultural capital is the only reason for differences in educational achievement by social class according to Sullivan.
Bourdieu and Capital
False
Access to resources and greater aspirations also significantly impact educational achievement.
