dietary advice

Question 1

what are the important factors in caries control?

Answer 1

• plaque control
• use of fluoride
• dietary modification

Question 2

what factors place the patient at high risk for caries?

Answer 2

• High sugar intake
• Inadequate brushing habits
• No fluoride exposure
• Irregular dental attendance
• Medically compromised
• Xerostomia

Question 3

what investigations should be carried out in a patient revealing dental caries?

Answer 3

• diet analysis
• investigations on fluoride intake
• medical history
• oral hygiene practices
• bitewing radiographs

Question 4

what are examples of studies which prove the relationship between caries and sugar?

Answer 4

• vipeholm study
• turku study
• stephan curve

Question 5

which carbohydrates can cause caries?

Answer 5

• sucrose
• fructose
• glucose
• maltose

Question 6

what does ‘no added sugars’ mean?

Answer 6

It means there are sugars already present even if none has been added.

Question 7

describe the conclusion of the vipeholm study

Answer 7

• The consumption of sugary foods is associated with a higher caries incidence.
• Increasing the frequency of sugar intake also increases caries incidence.
• Lowering sugar intake reduces caries incidence.
  *-Consumption of sticky sugar-containing between meal products can be associated with high
  caries risk.

Question 8

what does the stephan curve show?

Answer 8

what happens after the consumption of sugar in relation to dental caries (drop in pH > demineralisation)
- minutes after sucrose rinse against pH

Question 9

what should a diet sheet include?

Answer 9

all the foods and drinks consumed, the amount (in readily estimated units) and the time of eating or drinking

Question 10

what time period should a diet sheet be recorded over?

Answer 10

4 days, 2 working and 2 leisure

Question 11

how should a diet sheet be analysed?

Answer 11

• ring main meals
• underline sugar intakes and acidic drinks in red
• identify in-between meal snacks

Question 12

what must diet analysis advice be?

Answer 12

acceptable
practical
affordable

Question 13

what are examples of dietary advice?

Answer 13

• reduce sugar filled snacks
• avoid adding sugar
• fruit drinks best at meal times
• save sweets for special time of week
• eat sweet things all at once
• drink plain milk/water between meals
• avoid food before bed
• dont drink or eat after night time brushing

Question 14

how often should dietary advice be given?

Answer 14

at least once a year

Question 15

what is extrinsic erosion?

Answer 15

caused by acid originating outside the body (for example in drinks)- generally the acid strength will be pH 2.5 or weaker

Question 16

what is intrinsic erosion?

Answer 16

due to stomach acid reaching the teeth, with a pH of 1- this acid is typically 100 times stronger than in extrinsic erosion, and so much more destructive

Question 17

what is titratable acitidy?

Answer 17

reflects the number of hydrogen ions available for erosive attack, rather than pH- more important indicator of erosive potential

Question 18

what is the worst type of acid for erosion?

Answer 18

citric

Question 19

give examples of dietary advice surrounding drinks

Answer 19

• drink quickly
• use a straw

Question 20

How much sugar should be consumed per person per day?

Answer 20

50g/person/day- not exceed over 10% of energy intake

Question 21

What does the Turku study compare?

Answer 21

The caries incidence with substitution of sucrose with xylitol

Question 22

What are general dietary advice?

Answer 22

• balanced diet
• increase fruit and vegetables (5)
• increase starchy foods (bread, potato)
• decrease saturated fats
• decrease added sugars
• protein (meat, eggs)
• one portion of oily fish a week

Question 23

What should be advised surrounding sugary drinks?

Answer 23

Drank at meal times