diet and energy sources

Question 1

define a balanced diet

Answer 1

a diet that gives you all the nutrients you need to function correctly, in the right portions

Question 2

define nutrients

Answer 2

the substances in food that our body needs to process in order to survive or grow

Question 3

what are the four macronutrients

Answer 3

carbohydrates, fats, protein water

Question 4

what are the sources of carbohydrates

Answer 4

fruits, bread, pasta, rice, potatoes sugar

Question 5

what are carbohydrates function?

Answer 5

-provide glucose so that energy can be produced via aerobic and anaerobic respiration
-contain fibre to regulate digestion

Question 6

what are fats function

Answer 6

-source of energy
-easily stored in body for later use

Question 7

what are the sources of fat

Answer 7

-fat meat, egg yolks, butter, cheese, oil, nuts

Question 8

what are protein function

Answer 8

-broken down into amino acids
-amino acids are used to repair damaged cells and help muscle growth

Question 9

what are protein sources

Answer 9

meat, dairy, eggs, beans, fish

Question 10

what is water function

Answer 10

-regulate body temperature through sweat
-helps blood flow easily so oxygen and nutrients can be easily transported

Question 11

what are water sources

Answer 11

soup, fruit, various vegetables

Question 12

what is a calorie

Answer 12

a measure of energy contained within our food

Question 13

describe the relationship between intake and output

Answer 13

-intake > output
weight gain, additional energy stored as fat

-intake < output
weight loss, stored body fat is used to provide energy

-intake = output
energy balance, no change in body mass

Question 14

how is energy produced

Answer 14

-glucose is used to provide energy through energy and aerobic respiration
-excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscle
-glycogen is broken down and glucose is released whenever energy is needed

Question 15

explain how food sources provide energy + sport example

Answer 15

carbohydrate:
-marathon runners need large amounts to provide alot of energy of a long period of time
-carbohydrate loading helps maximise glycogen stores

protein:
-helps repair damaged muscle fibres after exercise
-rugby players consume to grow their muscles (hypertrophy)

water:
-important for endurance and when exercising in hot conditions
-replace water lost through sweating

intake < output:
-helps gymnast loose body weight making them light and more agile
-helps jockeys and cyclists achieve better speeds