Diencephalon-Thalamus

Question 0

afferent and efferent for lateral posterior nuclei

Answer 0

efferent = superior parietal lobe

Question 1

afferent and efferent of pulvinar nucleus

Answer 1

afferent = areas 18 and 19
efferent = inf. parietal lobule
- association for the visual cortex

Question 2

afferent and efferent of the lateral dorsal nuclei

Answer 2

efferent = cingulate gyrus

Question 3

afferent and efferent of the medial geniculate body

Answer 3

afferent = inferior colliculus and lateral colliculus
efferent = areas 41(auditory/primary) and 42(association for auditory)

Question 4

afferent and efferent of the lateral geniculate body

Answer 4

afferent = optic tract
efferent = area 17(visual/primary)

Question 5

afferent and efferent of the VPL

Answer 5

afferent = medial lemniscus and spinothalamic
efferent = areas 3,1,2(sensory cortex/primary)

Question 6

afferent and efferent of the VPM

Answer 6

afferent = trigeminothalamic tracts and taste pathways

Question 7

afferent and efferent of the ventral lateral nuclei

Answer 7

afferent = dentate nucleus, globus pallidus, substantia nigra
efferent = area 4(motor/primary)

Question 8

afferent and efferent of the ventral lateral nuclei

Answer 8

afferent = globus pallidus and substantia nigra(basal ganglia)
efferent = area 6, diffuse frontal cortex(premotor/motor planning)

Question 9

afferent and efferent of the anterior nuclei

Answer 9

afferent = mamillothalamic tract and fornix
efferent = cingulate gyrus

Question 10

main functions of the thalamus

Answer 10

1) chief relay station
- anything going to the cortex(except smell)
2) integration of sensory and motor systems
3) feedback system
- 2 way with cortex(more towards the cortex)
- no communication between sides of thalamus
- all info is sent to ipsilateral cortex

Question 11

thalamic pain syndrome

Answer 11

perceive more pain(exagerated) to painful stimulus
- other pain pathways still exist, but cortex is not receiving information about the pain. Therefore, suppression of pain is not sent.

Question 12

medial geniculate body

Answer 12

auditory information

- lateral lemniscus(auditory pathway from brainstem) —-> primary auditory cortex

Question 13

lateral geniculate body

Answer 13

optic tract —-> primary visual

Question 14

thalamic reticular nucleus

Answer 14

projects to thalamus and brainstem reticular nuclei, but not cortex

• only thalamic nuclei to send out INHIBITORY signals
• between external medullary lamina and internal capsule

Question 15

intralaminar nuclei

Answer 15

located in the internal medullary lamina

- sensory integration of motor(necessary for refinement of movement)