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Neuroanatomy > Diencephalon > Flashcards

Diencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

gate keeper to cortex (except smell)

A

thalamus

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2
Q

what thalamic nuclei is responsible for sensory information from the body?

A

VPL (ventral posterior nucleus lateral)

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3
Q

what thalami nuclei is responsible for sensory information from the face?

A

VPM (ventral posterior nucleus medial)

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4
Q

what thalamic nucleus is close to the VPN and is responsible for auditory sensory information?

A

medial geniculate nucleus

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5
Q

auditory information synapses in cochlear nuclei then in inferior colliculus then projects to _

A

MGN

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6
Q

what thalamic nucleus is responsible for the visual pathway?

A

LGN

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7
Q

LGN has 6 layers: _ magnocellular, _ parvocellular

A

2, 4

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8
Q

ipsilateral temporal retinal fibers synapse in layers (#3) of LGN?

A

2, 3, 5

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9
Q

contralateral nasal retinal fibers synapse in layers (#3) of LGN?

A

1, 4, 6

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10
Q

LGN:vision :: MGN:_

A

auditory

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11
Q

which 2 nuclei are for motor relay?

A

VA and VL (ventral anterior and lateral)

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12
Q

VA and VL input comes from? and projects to?

A

basal ganglia and cerebellum; primary motor and motor association areas

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13
Q

motor relay nuclei (VA and VL) operate by _

A

tonic inhibition

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14
Q

what is tonic inhibition?

A

thalamus is always inhibited

  • if you inhibit thalamus - info in relayed
  • if you excite thalamus - inhibition is strengthened
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15
Q

pulvinar nucleus has connections in what?

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital association areas

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16
Q

one of the main functions of the pulvinar nucleus is what?

A

vision processing

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17
Q

pulvinar (vision processing) receives input from? and then integrates the information with other cortical areas by?

A 
retina and primary visual cortex; 
visual salience (is this important) and working visual memory
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18
Q

pulvinar in also involved in _ processing

A

auditory

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19
Q

pulvinar (auditory) has connections with _ gyrus, and is involved with auditory _ memory

A

superior temporal;

short-term

20
Q

hypothalamus is anatomically: _

and functionally: _

A

diencephalon; limbic system

21
Q

external anterior and lateral boundaries of hypothalamus:

A

optic chiasm, optic tracts

22
Q

is body temperature increases, _hypothalamus receives signal

A

anterior

23
Q

when body temp ^, anterior hypothalamus sends signal to (2)?

A

ANS - vasodilation, sweating, decreased metabolic rate

cortex (conscious) - open windows, strip layers

24
Q

when body temp decreases, _ hypothalamus receives signal

A

anterior and shifts control to posterior hypothalmus

25
Q

when body temp dec, posterior hypothalamus sends signal to (2)?

A

ANS - vasoconstriction, shivering, inc metabolic rate

cortex (conscious) - close windows, put on warm clothes

26
Q

if there is a lesion to anterior hypothalamus, there is a loss of _ mechanisms

A

heat loss - hyPERthermia

27
Q

if there is a lesion to posterior hypothalamus, there is a loss of _ mechanisms

A

heat gain - hyPOthermia

28
Q

if large bilateral lesion, what happens with body temperature?

A

poikilothermia - can’t regulate, like a reptile, varies withe external environment

29
Q

which 2 areas regulate food intake?

A

medial(inhibit eating/drinking) and lateral (initiate eating/drinking)

30
Q

for food intake: lateral region signals “_”

medial region signals “_”

A

hunger/feeding; satiety

31
Q

if lesions to lateral hypothalamus, loss of _ center (re food), resulting in _

A

feeding center - anorexia

32
Q

if lesions to medial hypothalamus, loss of _ center (re food), resulting in _

A

satiety center - obesity

33
Q

stimulation of _ and _ hypothalamus induce drinking

A

lateral and anterior

34
Q

diabetes insidipus has to do with lesion to _, resulting in _

A

posterior lobe of pituitary lesion, inadequate output of ADH - pee all the time

35
Q

circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycle is regulated by _ nucleus (in which area of hypothalamus)

A

suprachiasmal nucleus (anterior)

36
Q

suprachiasal neuron’s activity is modulated by input via _ (ex: _)

A

retinohypothalamic tract (light input from retina)

37
Q

SCN project to (4)?

A

pineal - melatonin
pituitary - circadian hormone fluctuations
ANS - gut signals
cortex - conscious behaviors

38
Q

m. anterior region is responsible for:
heat_
_ activity
sleep

A

loss

parasympathetic

39
Q

m. anterior region is responsible for
_ rhythms
releasing/inhibiting _
parvo/magnocellular cells

A

circadian

hormones

40
Q

medial middle region is responsible for:
_ behavior
_ eating and drinking/_

A

emotional

inhibit/satiety

41
Q

m. posterior region is responsible for:
heat _
activity
arousal/

A

gain/conservation
sympathetic
wakefulness

42
Q

m. posterior region is responsible for

_ of memory

A

consolidation

43
Q

lateral region is reponsible for

_ eating and drinking

A

initiate

44
Q

_ dictate production and secretion in long feedback loops

A

plasma hormone levels

45
Q

_ dictate production and secretion in short feedback loops

A

direct communication from pituitary to hypothalamus

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