Diencephalon Flashcards
gate keeper to cortex (except smell)
thalamus
what thalamic nuclei is responsible for sensory information from the body?
VPL (ventral posterior nucleus lateral)
what thalami nuclei is responsible for sensory information from the face?
VPM (ventral posterior nucleus medial)
what thalamic nucleus is close to the VPN and is responsible for auditory sensory information?
medial geniculate nucleus
auditory information synapses in cochlear nuclei then in inferior colliculus then projects to _
MGN
what thalamic nucleus is responsible for the visual pathway?
LGN
LGN has 6 layers: _ magnocellular, _ parvocellular
2, 4
ipsilateral temporal retinal fibers synapse in layers (#3) of LGN?
2, 3, 5
contralateral nasal retinal fibers synapse in layers (#3) of LGN?
1, 4, 6
LGN:vision :: MGN:_
auditory
which 2 nuclei are for motor relay?
VA and VL (ventral anterior and lateral)
VA and VL input comes from? and projects to?
basal ganglia and cerebellum; primary motor and motor association areas
motor relay nuclei (VA and VL) operate by _
tonic inhibition
what is tonic inhibition?
thalamus is always inhibited
- if you inhibit thalamus - info in relayed
- if you excite thalamus - inhibition is strengthened
pulvinar nucleus has connections in what?
frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital association areas
one of the main functions of the pulvinar nucleus is what?
vision processing
pulvinar (vision processing) receives input from? and then integrates the information with other cortical areas by?
retina and primary visual cortex; visual salience (is this important) and working visual memory
pulvinar in also involved in _ processing
auditory
pulvinar (auditory) has connections with _ gyrus, and is involved with auditory _ memory
superior temporal;
short-term
hypothalamus is anatomically: _
and functionally: _
diencephalon; limbic system
external anterior and lateral boundaries of hypothalamus:
optic chiasm, optic tracts
is body temperature increases, _hypothalamus receives signal
anterior
when body temp ^, anterior hypothalamus sends signal to (2)?
ANS - vasodilation, sweating, decreased metabolic rate
cortex (conscious) - open windows, strip layers
when body temp decreases, _ hypothalamus receives signal
anterior and shifts control to posterior hypothalmus
when body temp dec, posterior hypothalamus sends signal to (2)?
ANS - vasoconstriction, shivering, inc metabolic rate
cortex (conscious) - close windows, put on warm clothes
if there is a lesion to anterior hypothalamus, there is a loss of _ mechanisms
heat loss - hyPERthermia
if there is a lesion to posterior hypothalamus, there is a loss of _ mechanisms
heat gain - hyPOthermia
if large bilateral lesion, what happens with body temperature?
poikilothermia - can’t regulate, like a reptile, varies withe external environment
which 2 areas regulate food intake?
medial(inhibit eating/drinking) and lateral (initiate eating/drinking)
for food intake: lateral region signals “_”
medial region signals “_”
hunger/feeding; satiety
if lesions to lateral hypothalamus, loss of _ center (re food), resulting in _
feeding center - anorexia
if lesions to medial hypothalamus, loss of _ center (re food), resulting in _
satiety center - obesity
stimulation of _ and _ hypothalamus induce drinking
lateral and anterior
diabetes insidipus has to do with lesion to _, resulting in _
posterior lobe of pituitary lesion, inadequate output of ADH - pee all the time
circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycle is regulated by _ nucleus (in which area of hypothalamus)
suprachiasmal nucleus (anterior)
suprachiasal neuron’s activity is modulated by input via _ (ex: _)
retinohypothalamic tract (light input from retina)
SCN project to (4)?
pineal - melatonin
pituitary - circadian hormone fluctuations
ANS - gut signals
cortex - conscious behaviors
m. anterior region is responsible for:
heat_
_ activity
sleep
loss
parasympathetic
m. anterior region is responsible for
_ rhythms
releasing/inhibiting _
parvo/magnocellular cells
circadian
hormones
medial middle region is responsible for:
_ behavior
_ eating and drinking/_
emotional
inhibit/satiety
m. posterior region is responsible for:
heat _
activity
arousal/
gain/conservation
sympathetic
wakefulness
m. posterior region is responsible for
_ of memory
consolidation
lateral region is reponsible for
_ eating and drinking
initiate
_ dictate production and secretion in long feedback loops
plasma hormone levels
_ dictate production and secretion in short feedback loops
direct communication from pituitary to hypothalamus
