4 - Smell and Taste Flashcards
_ neurons are found in the olfactory epithelium
bipolar
the only place bipolar neurons are found in the body besides the olfactory epithelium is the _
retina
_ is the area in the ethmoid bone where olfactory neurons pass through to get to the olfactory bulb
cribiform plate
NT involved in the transmission of taste information: _
serotonin
2 CN involved in perception of taste from receptors in the tongue?
VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal)
Which CN mediates painful response from noxious odorants and tastes?
V (trigeminal)
the specialized mucosa of the olfactory epithelium is moistened by _ cells
mucous
How are odiferous particles sensed?
they dissolve in the mucous of the olfactory epithelium
the bipolar cells contain a _ and _
olfactory and cilia
basal cells that lie on the basement membrane _ receptor cells
continuously regenerate
_ is the most rostral structure and lies directly over cribiform plate
olfactory bulb
4 cell types of olfactory bulb:
mitral and tufted (bulb to CNS); periglomerular and granular (mediate signals)
binding of odiferous stimuli causes depolarization of olfactory epithelium, synapse between bipolar cells and mitral and tufted cell occurs in _ area
glomeruli
_ occurs at the glomeruli
convergence of signals
_ cells mediate signals between glomeruli
periglomerular
granular cells mediate contacts between mitral and tufted cells; they help to _ the signal and _
fine tune; recognize patterns to identify scents
central olfaction in cortex includes what 3 areas?
uncus, entorhinal, portion of amygdala
processing of olfactory signals occurs where?
olfactory association areas of entorhinal area
anosmia after traumatic brain injury, especially _ mechanism
coup-contrecoup (whip-lash)
explain coup-contrecoup mechanism
shearing of sensory neurons or anterior base skull fracture (near cribiform), shearing axons of olfactory bulbs
taste buds are located where?
tongue, soft palate, pharynx, larynx
in the tongue, taste buds are clustered in folds called _
papillae
3 types of papillae:
circumvallate, foliate, fungiform
circumvallate are located _
_ papillae on tongue
_ receptors per papillae
innervated by CN _
back of tongue
8-12
250
IX
foliate are located _
_ on each side of tongue
sensitive to _ tastes
innervated by CN _ and _
side of tongue
5-6
sour
VII and IX
fungiform are located _
_ taste bud per papillae
_ papillae on tongue
innervated through CN _
front of tongue
1
1000+
chorda tympani VII
5 qualities of taste:
sour, salty, sweet, bitter, umami
sour
is _ unless eaten with other flavors
mechanism?
aversive
acids lower pH
salty
NaCl, Na+ acts on _ channels to depolarize cell
Na+
sweet
mechanism?
G-protein coupled receptors
bitter
most are _
mechanism?
unpleasant (besides coffee, fruit)
G protein coupled receptor
umami (savory)
mechanism?
same receptors as _ family
G protein
sweet
more compounds elicit _ sensation than any other taste sensation
bitter
tongue
anterior 2/3s by CN _
posterior 1/3 by CN _
posterior portion by CN _
VII
IX
X
_ system of pain causes certain odors to be perceived as painful to protect you from exposure to toxins
trigeminal
