4 - Smell and Taste

Question 1

_ neurons are found in the olfactory epithelium

Answer 1

bipolar

Question 2

the only place bipolar neurons are found in the body besides the olfactory epithelium is the _

Answer 2

retina

Question 3

_ is the area in the ethmoid bone where olfactory neurons pass through to get to the olfactory bulb

Answer 3

cribiform plate

Question 4

NT involved in the transmission of taste information: _

Answer 4

serotonin

Question 5

2 CN involved in perception of taste from receptors in the tongue?

Answer 5

VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal)

Question 6

Which CN mediates painful response from noxious odorants and tastes?

Answer 6

V (trigeminal)

Question 7

the specialized mucosa of the olfactory epithelium is moistened by _ cells

Answer 7

mucous

Question 8

How are odiferous particles sensed?

Answer 8

they dissolve in the mucous of the olfactory epithelium

Question 9

the bipolar cells contain a _ and _

Answer 9

olfactory and cilia

Question 10

basal cells that lie on the basement membrane _ receptor cells

Answer 10

continuously regenerate

Question 11

_ is the most rostral structure and lies directly over cribiform plate

Answer 11

olfactory bulb

Question 12

4 cell types of olfactory bulb:

Answer 12

mitral and tufted (bulb to CNS); periglomerular and granular (mediate signals)

Question 13

binding of odiferous stimuli causes depolarization of olfactory epithelium, synapse between bipolar cells and mitral and tufted cell occurs in _ area

Answer 13

glomeruli

Question 14

_ occurs at the glomeruli

Answer 14

convergence of signals

Question 15

_ cells mediate signals between glomeruli

Answer 15

periglomerular

Question 16

granular cells mediate contacts between mitral and tufted cells; they help to _ the signal and _

Answer 16

fine tune; recognize patterns to identify scents

Question 17

central olfaction in cortex includes what 3 areas?

Answer 17

uncus, entorhinal, portion of amygdala

Question 18

processing of olfactory signals occurs where?

Answer 18

olfactory association areas of entorhinal area

Question 19

anosmia after traumatic brain injury, especially _ mechanism

Answer 19

coup-contrecoup (whip-lash)

Question 20

explain coup-contrecoup mechanism

Answer 20

shearing of sensory neurons or anterior base skull fracture (near cribiform), shearing axons of olfactory bulbs

Question 21

taste buds are located where?

Answer 21

tongue, soft palate, pharynx, larynx

Question 22

in the tongue, taste buds are clustered in folds called _

Answer 22

papillae

Question 23

3 types of papillae:

Answer 23

circumvallate, foliate, fungiform

Question 24

circumvallate are located _
_ papillae on tongue
_ receptors per papillae
innervated by CN _

Answer 24

back of tongue
8-12
250
IX

Question 25

foliate are located _
_ on each side of tongue
sensitive to _ tastes
innervated by CN _ and _

Answer 25

side of tongue
5-6
sour
VII and IX

Question 26

fungiform are located _
_ taste bud per papillae
_ papillae on tongue
innervated through CN _

Answer 26

front of tongue
1
1000+
chorda tympani VII

Question 27

5 qualities of taste:

Answer 27

sour, salty, sweet, bitter, umami

Question 28

sour
is _ unless eaten with other flavors
mechanism?

Answer 28

aversive

acids lower pH

Question 29

salty

NaCl, Na+ acts on _ channels to depolarize cell

Answer 29

Na+

Question 30

sweet

mechanism?

Answer 30

G-protein coupled receptors

Question 31

bitter
most are _
mechanism?

Answer 31

unpleasant (besides coffee, fruit)

G protein coupled receptor

Question 32

umami (savory)
mechanism?
same receptors as _ family

Answer 32

G protein

sweet

Question 33

more compounds elicit _ sensation than any other taste sensation

Answer 33

bitter

Question 34

tongue
anterior 2/3s by CN _
posterior 1/3 by CN _
posterior portion by CN _

Answer 34

VII
IX
X

Question 35

_ system of pain causes certain odors to be perceived as painful to protect you from exposure to toxins

Answer 35

trigeminal