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Neuroanatomy > 3 - Basal Ganglia (9) > Flashcards

3 - Basal Ganglia (9) Flashcards

1
Q

basal ganglia is a nuclei deep within the cerebral hemispheres that controls _ with the cerebellum

A

upper motor neurons

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2
Q

the basal ganglia encodes for (4)

A

decision to move
direction to move
amplitude of movement
motor expression of motors

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3
Q

_ funnels cortical information through motor circuits

A

basal ganglia

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4
Q

together the putamen and the caudate nucleus are called the _

A

striatum

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5
Q

What gives the putamen and caudate nucleus the striated appearance?

A

bridging fibers

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6
Q

the striatum is the _ nucleus to the basal ganglia

A

input

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7
Q

the striatum receives excitatory input from _ and _

A

cortex and subcortical structures

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8
Q

the globus pallidus is divided into _ and _

A

external and internal parts (GPe and GPi)

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9
Q

the globus pallidus is the main _ nucleus of the basal ganglia

A

output

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10
Q

globus pallidus gets inhibitory projections from _

A

thalamus

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11
Q

globus pallidus is also known as _

A

lentiform nucleus (looks like lens in cross section)

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12
Q

nucleus accumbens gets _ input

A

dopaminergic

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13
Q

the nucleus accumbens is integral in _ and _

A

limbic system and motivation and reward circuit

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14
Q

the subthalamic nuclei receives information from cortex and output is _ to _ and _

A

excitatory to globus pallidus and substantia nigra

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15
Q

which nuclei controls output rhythm (clock of basal ganglia)

A

subthalamic nuclei

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16
Q

the substantia nigra is dopaminergic neurons that project to the (3)

A

putamen, caudate nucleus, and subthalamic nucleus

17
Q

interior section of cortex under lateral fissure

A

insula

18
Q

main input nucleus to basal ganglia: _

-allows basal ganglia to integrate information and encode for movement

A

striatum

19
Q

main output nucleus from basal ganglia: _

A

globus pallidus

20
Q

globus pallidus has _ effects on thalamus

A

inhibitory (tonic inhibition) - it holds inhibition on thalamus and decreases cortical activity

21
Q

globus pallidus’ inhibitory NT:

A

GABA

22
Q

direct pathway _ tonic inhibition

A

lifts - facilitate movement

23
Q

indirect pathway _ tonic inhibition

A

enhances - decreases movement

24
Q

REWATCH DIRECT AND INDIRECT PATHWAYS

A

–

25
Q

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by _

A

decrease in movement

26
Q

Parkinson’s is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the _

A

substantia nigra

27
Q

Parkinsons causes _ of direct pathway and _ of indirect pathway

A

loss of excitatory

loss of fine tuning of indirect, indirect takes over (indirect puts breaks on direct and suppresses movement)

28
Q

the motor circuit is integrated in the _ and mediated by _ pathway(s)

A

putamen

direct and indirect

29
Q

disorder of motor circuit causes too little or excessive movement, such as in: (3)

A

Parkinson’s
Ballism
Huntington’s disease

30
Q

oculomotor circuit directs _

A

gase and orientation of eye to “reward”

31
Q

input for the oculomotor circuit comes from cortex and output acts on what 2 nucleus? what do they do?

A

VA - FEF to initiate gaze

DM - works with limbic system to direct gaze to reward

32
Q

in oculomotor circuit, substantia nigra communicates with _

A

superior colliculus

33
Q

associative circuit role is _

A

planning/ cognitive components of movement

34
Q

associative circuit output acts on _ and _

A

VA and CM

35
Q

the limbic circuit is involved in _

A

regulation of emotion, motivation, and affect (facial expressions)

36
Q

with Parkinson’s disease is a blank stare.. you can be clued to which area?

A

UMN -> limbic lobe

37
Q

Which 2 nuclei of the basal ganglia make up the striatum?

A

putamen and caudate nucleus

38
Q

Which nucleus of the basal ganglia serves as the main output nucleus, ultimately regulating thalamic activity

A

globus pallidus

39
Q

Parkinsons’s disease is due to degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the _

A

substantia nigra

Neuroanatomy (12 decks)

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