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Neuroanatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN I, II, III, IV

A

olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear

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2
Q

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

A

trigeminal
abducens
facial
vestibulocochlear

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3
Q

CN IX, X, XI, XII

A

glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal

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4
Q

ocular group includes what nerves?

A

II, III, IV, VI

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5
Q

CN II: _
component:
function:
opening in skull:

A

optic nerve
sensory
vision
optic canal

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6
Q

3 ways to test CN II?

A

VA, visual fields, pupils

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7
Q

afferent pupil pathway?

A

retina - optic nerve - chiasm (hemidecussate) - optic tract - pretectal nucleus (hemidecussate) - EW nucleus

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8
Q

efferent pupil pathway?

A

EW nucleus, CN III superior divison - CG - sphincter muscle (constriction)

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9
Q

Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect
sign?
tested how?
results?

A

asymmetric pupils
swinging flashlight test
BOTH eyes dilate when light is shown to effected eye
when shown to the unaffected eye, both eyes constrict

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10
Q

Light-Near Dissociation
lesion where?
pupils respond to what?
pupils don’t respond to what?

A

dorsal midbrain/ pretectal nucleus
- response to light (fibers from pretectal to EW)
+ response to near (fibers from frontal eye fields to EW)

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11
Q

visual body reflex is driven by CN II,

route?

A

visual pathway to superior colliculus - tectobulbar/ tectospinal tracts - motor neurons in anterior gray column os SC and CN motor nuclei

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12
Q 
CN III: _
component:
functions:
-
-
-
opening in skull:
A 
oculomotor
motor
innervates SR, MR, IR, IO
parasympathetic pupil innervation
parasympathetic accommodation stimulation
levator muscle
superior orbital fissure
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13
Q

CN III nerve nuclei? (2)

A

main motor nucleus

accessory parasympathetic nucleus (EW nucleus)

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14
Q

main motor nucleus

  • groups of nerve cells that innervate _
  • efferent fibers pass through _ nucleus and emerge from _ portion of midbrain
A

EOMs
red
anterior

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15
Q

main motor nucleus receives information from _ _ _

A

both cerebral hemispheres (including frontal eye fields)
super colliculus/pretectal nucleus
medial longitudinal folliculus

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16
Q

accessory parasympathetic nucleus

A

??????

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17
Q

course of oculomotor nerve?

A

anterior midbrain - posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar arteries - cavernous sinus - superior orbital fissure - superior and inferior rami

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18
Q

superior rami of CN III:

inferior rami of CN III:

A

levator, SR

MR, IO, parasympathetic, IR

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19
Q

CN IV: _
component: _
function: _
opening in skull: _

A

trochlear
motor
moves eye down and laterally, innervates SO
superior orbital fissure

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20
Q

course of trochlear nerve?

A

posterior midbrain - (immediately decussates) - cavernous sinus - superior orbital fissure

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21
Q

superior oblique actions

A

incyclotorsion

depression

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22
Q

trochlear nucleus is located _
immediate _
receives information from _ _ _

A 
anterior to cerebral aqueduct
decussation
-both cerebral hemispheres
-superior colliculus 
-MLF
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23
Q

_ is the longest and thinnest nerve (it emerges from back of midbrain and wraps around to move anteriorly), therefore is most at risk for trauma

A

trochlear

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24
Q

CN VI: _
component: _
function: _, innervates _
opening in skull: _

A

abducens
motor
abduction, ipsilateral LR
superior orbital fissure

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25
Q

abducens nucleus
posterior portion of _
-near _ ventricle
receives information from _ _ _ _

A 
pons
4th
-MLF
-both cerebral hemispheres 
-superior colliculus
-CN VI - abducens nerve
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26
Q

abducens nerve exits brainstem anteriorly via _
travels atop _
to cavernous sinus
to superior orbital fissure

A

pontine-medullary junction

petrous ridge

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27
Q

if there is damage to VI, there is often damage to _ too, because _

A

VII because facial nerve wraps around abducens nucleus

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28
Q

CN VI palsy: _
presentation?
you must _
pressure from _ lobe pressing down and squeezing VI down on _

A

papilledema
one eye extremely eso
DILATE
petrous ridge

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29
Q

medial longitudinal fasciclus (MLF)
extends from midbrain to _
links eye movement with _

A

spinal cord

vestibular control apparati

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30
Q

MLF has to do with _

A

parapontine reticular formation “I want to look to the right”

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31
Q

sensory nerves

A

I, V, VIII, IX

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32
Q 
CN I: _
component: _
function: _
opening in skull: _
type of receptors: _
A 
olfactory
sensory
smell
cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
bipolar neurons
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33
Q

CN V: _
component: _
three divisions: _ _ _

A

trigeminal
sensory and motor
ophthalmic, maxillary, mandibular

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34
Q

V1: component and opening:

A

sensory

superior orbital fissure

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35
Q

V2: component and opening:

A

sensory

foramen rotundum

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36
Q

V3: component and opening:

A

sensory and motor

foramen ovale

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37
Q

4 trigeminal nerve nuclei?

A

main sensory, spinal, mesencephalic, motor

38
Q

main sensory nucleus:

  • location: _
  • sensations: _
A

posterior pons, continuous with spinal nucleus

touch and pressure

39
Q

spinal nucleus:

  • location: _
  • sensations: _
A

extends length of medulla and into upper spinal cord

pain and temperature

40
Q

mesencephalic nucleus:
type of nerve cells: _
sensations: _

A

unipolar nerve cells

proprioceptive

41
Q

motor nucleus:
location: _
innervation to: _

A

pons, medial to main sensory nucleus

muscles of mastication/chewing

42
Q

trigeminal nerve course

A

exits anterior pons - forward out of posterior cranial fossa - large ganglion in Meckel cave - 3 branches from anterior border ganglion

43
Q

V1 - ophthalmic branch

sensory innervation to: _

A

cornea, forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose, mucous membranes of paranasal sinuses and sinus cavities

44
Q

V1 travels through _ sinus

A

cavernous

45
Q

3 branches of V1

A

NFL

nasocilliary, frontal, lacrimal

46
Q

word for area innervated by certain branches of nerve

A

dermitomes

47
Q

What is Hutchinsons’ Sign?

A

herpes lesions on tip of nose or along V1 pathway

-if V1 is involved, likely to see ocular involvement

48
Q

V2 - maxillary branch

sensory innervation to: _

A

skin of face over maxilla, teeth of upper jaw, mucous membranes of nose, maxillary sinus, and palate

49
Q

runs through what part of sinus?

A

inferno-lateral wall of cavernous sinus

50
Q

emerges from foramen rotundum,
-_ ganglion
enters orbit via inferior orbital fissue, _ branch,
enters infraorbital foramen, _ branch

A

pterygoid palatine ganglion
zygomatic branch
infraorbital branch (terminal branch)

51
Q

if orbital floor damage, check sensory, if not sensitive -order CT because likely _ nerve damage

A

infraorbital nerve

52
Q

V3 - mandibular branch
sensory of _
motor of _

A

sensory: cheek skin, mandible and side of head skin, lower teeth, temperomandibular joint
motor: muscle of mastication

53
Q

what is the only motor of CN V?

A

muscles of mastication

54
Q

CN VIII: _
component: _
2 divisions and function: _ _
opening in skull: _

A

vestibulocochlear
sensory
cochlear -hearing, vestibular - position and movement of head, balance
internal acoustic meatus

55
Q

vestibular division
information from _ and _: head position
information from _: head movement

A

uterine and saccule

semicircular canals

56
Q

vestibular division

cell bodies in _ ganglion which lies in internal acoustic meatus

A

vestibular

57
Q

there are 4 vestibular nuclei in the _: medial, lateral, superior, inferior

A

pons

58
Q

a small number of fibers bypass vestibular nuclei and pass to _

A

cerebellum (also very involved in balance)

59
Q

cochlear division
information from _ to cochlea
-how does it work?

A

organ of cortisones

hair cells -> mechanical sound vibrations -> nerve impulses

60
Q

cell bodies lie within the cochlea and form the _ ganglion

2 cochlear nuclei in _: posterior and anterior

A 
spiral
pons (2 ears=2 ganglion)
61
Q

CN IX: _
components: _
functions: _ _
opening in skull: _

A 
glossopharyngeal 
motor and sensory
motor - assist swallowing
sensory - taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue
jugular foramen
62
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve nucleus
3 main nuclei: _ _ _
all housed in _

A

main motor, sensory, parasympathetic nucleus (inferior salivatory nucleus)
medulla oblongata

63
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve course

A

exits anterolateral medulla as rootlets - jugular foramen - motor branch to stylophargyngeus muscle - parasympathetic fibers to parotid gland - sensory fibers to pharynx and posterior 1/3 tongue

64
Q

motor neurons:

A

X, XII, VII, XI

65
Q

CN X: _
component: _
functions: _ _ _ _
opening in skull: _

A

vagus

66
Q

CN X: _
component: _
functions: _ _ _ _
opening in skull: _

A

vagus
motor and sensory
constriction of pharynx and larynx, gag reflex, help control of HR/BP, parasympathetic to lungs, heart, esopohus, stomach, SI, LI
jugular foramen

67
Q

vagus nerve nuclei
housed in: _
3 nuclei: _ _ _

A

medulla

main motor, sensory, parasympathetic

68
Q

CN VII: _

component: _
functions: _

A

facial
MOTOR and sensory
facial expression, stapedius muscle of inner ear, digastric and stylohyoid muscles, lacrimation and salivation, anterior 2/3 tongue

69
Q

openings in skull for CN VII: _ _ _

A

internal acoustic meatus, facial canal, stylomastoid foramen

IFS

70
Q

facial nerve nuclei:
all housed: _
3 nuclei: _ _ _

A

pons

main motor, sensory, parasympathetic

71
Q

main motor nucleus of VII
controls muscles of face
-_ upper
-_lower

A

both hemispheres

contralateral hemisphere only

72
Q

parasympathetic nuclei of VII

-what 2 gland nuclei? _ _

A

superior salivatory nucleus

lacrimal nucleus

73
Q

sensory nucleus of VII

  • upper par of nucleus of the _
  • sensory information for _
A

tractus solatarius

taste

74
Q

facial nerve course

A

motor fibers wrap around VII nucleus - motor and sensory join - leave pons laterally and and emerge from anterior surface of brainstem between pons and medulla - travels with III - enters internal auditory canal in petrous portion of temporal - through geniculate ganglion and gives 2 branches - (parasympathetic: greater petrosal nerve, sensory:chorda tympani nerve) - remaining fibers exit through stylomastoid foraemen of temporal and through parotid gland ***rewatch this, pg 12

75
Q

UMN Lesion = lesion to _, which is a _

A

cortex, stroke

76
Q

UMN affects _ which spares _ and _

A

contralateral lower facial weakness

eyelid closure and forehead wrinkling

77
Q

UMN leaves _ _ and _ in tact

A

lacrimation, salivation, taste

78
Q

UMN etiologies include _ _ and _

A

ischemia, tumor, trauma

79
Q

LMN lesion = lesion to _, which is called _

A

CN VII, bell’s palsy

80
Q

LMN causes _

A

ipsilateral facial hemiparesis (whole half)

81
Q

LMN is considered _, but thought to be associated with virus and edema of CN VII ( _ and _)

A

idiopathic

inner ear infection, herpes simplex 1

82
Q

with LMN there is _ involvement

A

no other neurological

83
Q

LMN can cause incomplete eyelid closure, which results in _

A

exposure keratopathy

84
Q

CN VII divines:

brachial motor is responsible for _

A

facial expressions

85
Q

visceral motor is responsible for _

A

lacrimal and salivary gland

86
Q

special sensory is responsible for _

A

anterior 2/3 of tongue

87
Q

general sensory is responsible for _

A

mastoid area

88
Q

CN XI: _
component: _
functions: _ _
opening in skull: _

A 
accessory 
motor
cranial root - muscles of soft palate
spinal root - sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
jugular foramen
89
Q

CN XII: _
component: _
function: _
opening in skull: _

A

hypoglossal
motor
muscles of tongue
hypoglossal canal

90
Q

hypoglossal nucleus lies is _, below floor of 4th ventricle

A

medulla

Neuroanatomy (12 decks)

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