3 - Limbic System (8) Flashcards
the limbic system is composed of the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri connected by _
cingulum
structure responsible for memory and learning
hippocampus
structure responsible for emotions and drive
amygdala
structure responsible for reward mechanisms
septal nuclei
structure responsible processing experiential memory (familiar smells)
entorhinal area
the hyopthalamus is _ part of limbic system
functionally
Afferents from the limbic system to hypthalamus influence _ activity, how so?
visceral; to emotions - clammy, sweating, when nervous
major output center of hippocampus is called the _
hippocampus proper (white matter)
part of hippocampus responsible for new memories?
process?
dentate gyrus
neurogenesis (formation of new neurons)
amygdala is primarily associated with _
fear - phobias, PTSD
which areas of associated with PTSD?
visual association areas, temporal areas
3 distinct areas of amygdala:
- basolateral 2. central 3. cortical medial
which area of amygdala is responsible for emotional significance to stimuli?
basolateral
which area of amygdala is responsible for responses to emotional stimuli?
central
which area of amygdala receives olfactory info and emotional response to food?
cortical medial
_ receives sensory dopaminergic projections from VTA;
plays role in _
septal nuclei;
reward and pleasure feelings
connection between emotion and consciousness
papez circuit
hippocampus -> mammillary bodies -> thalamus anterior nuclei -> cingulate cortex->”
papez circuit
expanded papez circuit found _ to be a key area,
extensive connections with _
amygdala; hypothalamus and association area
hippocampus is responsible for learning and formation of new memories: _ and _ memory
short and long term
difference between explicit and implicit memory
both long term
explicit (declarative) - facts and events
implicit (non-declarative) not consciously accessible
Alzheimer Disease
-loss of _
memory and cognitive function
first areas where abnormalities occur with Alzheimers?
subiculum and entorhinal
with Alzheimers, damage to _ accounts for memory deficits;
cognitive function loss comes later as widespread regions of cortex are damaged
hippocampus
major role of amygdala
behavior and processing emotions
- emotional learning/memories
- fear and fear conditioning
afferent cortex -> amygdala = _ significance
emotional
efferents amygdala->hypothalamus=_
visceral response (HR, sweating, pupil dilation)
efferents from amygdala ->DM nucleus of thalamus = projects to _
prefrontal cortex
emotionally charged events (9/11) link _ to _
amygdala to hippocampus
fear and fear conditioning is closely linked with _ -> _
temporal association areas, storage of long term memories
fear conditioning, when neutral stimulus becomes associated with _
adverse event
positie (reward) and negative (fear) have _ effects on our behavior
conscious and unconscious
in reward circuitry, _ plays a key role
dopamine (VTA)
in reward circuitry, all structures communicate with _
hypothalamus (visceral and endocrine)
addiction all comes back to _
dopamine
addictive substances activate dopaminergic neurons in the _
VTA
chronic intake of addictive substances damages _ system
dopaminergic
with addictive substances, dopaminergic receptors are _ regulated; this means?
down
normal rewarding stimuli no longer have effect, increased intake to get feelings
dopamine signals _ (!!)
saliency
non-drug related stimuli take on _ saliency
drug stimuli take on _ saliency
decreased
increased
drug stimuli activate PFC resulting in _
cravings and drug seeking behaviors; no longer able to inhibit the drive to seek drugs
When we experience anxiety or fear, several autonomic processes are triggered - our heart rate increases, we sweat, our pupils dilate, our stomach may even feel queasy. Which structure is responsible for the connection between our autonomic nervous system and our emotions?
hypothalamus
with addicition, _ loses ability to conrol behaviors related to drug seeking
prefrontal cortex
