Dictyocaulus viviparous (1)

Question 1

What is the host?

Answer 1

Cattle

Question 2

Describe an adult

Answer 2

Long, slender, white

3-8 cm

In bronchi and trachea

Question 3

Describe L1

Answer 3

400-500 micro m long

Recovered from fresh feces

Bronchoalveolar lavage can be used to recover eggs and larvae

Question 4

Describe the life cycle

Answer 4

Direct

L1 are found in feces instead of egg

L3 is infective

L3 migrates through the intestinal wall and via lymph and blood, travels to the lungs

Mature in the trachea and bronchi

Question 5

What is the site of infection?

Answer 5

Lungs

Question 6

Describe the Pathogenesis

Answer 6

Pathogenic in young animals

Strong immunity develops

Prevalent only in localized areas in US

Penetration
     - Larval migration
     - No clinical signs
Prepatent 
     - Larvae develops into adult
     - Bronchitis and alveolitis
Patent
     - Adults in lungs
     - Bronchitis and pneumonia
Postpatent
     - Relapse can occur

Most prevalent in parts of Europe

Develop immunity with age

Post treatment syndrome large issue

Question 7

Describe the clinical signs

Answer 7

PPP alveolitis followed by bronchiolitis

Bronchitis during patency

Pneumonia: result of aspirated eggs + L1

Edema and emphysema

Alveolar epithelialization of entire lung lobes

“Air-hunger” position of mouth breathing with head and neck outstretched

Frequent bouts of cough at rest

Squeaks/crackles at posterior lung lobes

Question 8

How do you diagnose?

Answer 8

Clinical signs/History

Endemic area

Identification of L1/Necropsy

Question 9

How to treat or prevent?

Answer 9

Vaccine

Management

Anthelmintics

Question 10

What is the common name?

Answer 10

Lungworm