Diagnostic Imaging Homework Flashcards
The minimum standard of lead equivalent for protective aprons and gloves is
- 0.3 mm
- 0.5 mm
- 0.25 mm
- 0.4 mm
0.5mm
The crystals of high-speed screens as compared to ones of par speed are
- smaller and there is more detail
- bigger and there is more detail
- smaller and there is less detail
- bigger and there is less detail
bigger and there is less detail
Because of the relationship between the mA and the mAs, as you increase the mA you can
- Decrease the time so there is increased risk of movement
- Increase the kVp which means no change in density
- Decrease the time to reduce chance of movement
- Increase the time to reduce the chance of movement
Decrease the time to reduce chance of movement
You are looking at a film that is totally clear except for a bit of black around the edges. Your film has not been
- fixed
- developed or fixed
- exposed to radiation
- developed
exposed to radiation
A special study that involves a negative contrast media is
- Nephrogram
- Arthrography
- Pneumocystogram
- Myelography
Pneumocystogram
What type of x-ray film produces the greatest detail?
- rare earth
- low speed
- nonscreen
- high speed
nonscreen
What safety feature on x-ray machines limits the size of the primary beam and reduces secondary x-ray exposure to the operator?
- leaded glass
- filter
- collimator
- dead-man switch
collimator
What is the minimum aluminum filter equivalent for x-ray machines with an output greater than 70 kVp?
- 1.5 mm
- 2.5 mm
- 1 mm
- 5 mm
2.5 mm
For the cervical series, you should center the beam on
- C1-C2
- C7-C8
- C7-T1
- C3-C4
C3 - C4
Which views must be taken to properly perform a thoracic metastasis check on a patient with mammary adenocarcinoma?
- right or left lateral and a VD
- right and left lateral views and a VD or DV
- DV or VD only
- right and left lateral only
right and left lateral views and a VD or DV
Which anatomic structure will show the greatest amount of magnification in a ventrodorsal radiograph?
- Liver
- Sternum
- Spine
- Esophagus
Sternum
Screen-type film
- requires a longer exposure time than direct-exposure film
- is the most sensitive to light produced by the intensifying screen
- is most sensitive to direct x-ray beams
- can be processed manually only
is the most sensitive to light produced by the intensifying screen
The term dorsomedial-plantar lateral oblique means that the x-ray beam is directed at the
- dorsal limb aspect, and the film is against the medial side of the limb
- plantar limb aspect, and the film is against the lateral side of the limb
- plantar limb aspect, and the film is against the medial side of the limb
- dorsal limb aspect, and the film is against the lateral side of the limb
dorsal limb aspect, and the film is against the lateral side of the limb
The imaging technique that involves a piezoelectric crystal within a a transducer is
- ultrasound
- tomography
- scintigraphy
- magnetic resonance
ultrasound
What information can a barium-impregnanted polyethylene spheres (BIPS) study provide?
- information about the mucosal surface of the small intestine
- information about a relatively minor
obstruction in the colon - information about gastric transit time
- information about gastric ulceration
information about gastric transit time
Non-screen film is most likely to be used for
- dental
- abdomen
- pelvis
- thorax
dental
When taking a lateral thoracic radiograph, you should make sure the spine and sternum are
- perpendicular to the table
- lying on the table
- oblique slightly to the table
- equidistant from the table
equidistant from the table
The tungsten plate (target) is located where on the x-ray machine?
- bucky
- collimator
- anode
- cathode
anode
What is the international unit of ionizing radiation exposure, abbreviated at R?
- Roentgen
- Rem
- Rad
- Radon
Roentgen
What patient restraint is recommended for the greatest safety from radiation exposure?
- open-mit leaded gloves held out of the beam
- full-leaded gloves and apron
- gauze ties held at a distance
- chemical restraint without holding the patient
chemical restraint without holding the patient
When the object-to-film distance is increased, the image is
- distorted
- lightened
- darkened
- magnified
magnified
A table-top (non-grid) view is used to x-ray the
- pelvis
- abdomen
- extremities
- thorax
extremities
Which of the following artifacts cannot be produced in a digital radiograph?
- Collimated area off cassette
- Fixer not washed away
- Motion
- Gloves in primary beam
Fixer not washed away
Why are intensifying screens added to an x-ray cassette?
- to allow even x-ray distribution over the film
- to cause light exposure of the film
- to reduce scatter inside the cassette
- to change clue-sensitive to green-sensitive film
to cause light exposure of the film
Which of the following does not affect radiographic density?
- focal-film distance
- kVp
- object-film distance
- mAs
object-film distance
When radiographing extremities, the beam should be centered
- at the thickest portion of the extremity
- wherever the collimator allows inclusion of the entire extremity
- midway on the shaft of the bone of choice
- at the larger joint end
midway on the shaft of the bone of choice
When taking a radiograph of an equine limb the portable x-ray souce is 90 cm away from the cassette. You then move closer so that the source is now 30 cm away from the cassette. If no changes are made to the settings of the machine, what will be the beam intensity of the second radiograph relative to the first?
- 1/3 intensity at 30 cm compared to 90 cm
- 3 times greater intensity at 30 cm compared to 90 cm
- 9 times greater intensity at 30 cm compared to 90 cm
- 1/9 intensity at 30 cm compared to 90 cm
9 times greater intensity at 30 cm compared to 90 cm
Which anatomic structure would cast the lightest image on a radiograph?
- Femur
- Liver
- Trachea
- Perirenal fat
Femur
The acceleration of the electrons and their ultimate striking energy is determined by the
- kVp
- mA
- mAs
- time
kVp
When taking a radiograph, you should whenever possible
- decrease exposure time, increase the distance from the radiation source and increase shielding
- increase exposure time, decrease distance from the radiation source, and increase shielding
- increase exposure time, increase the distance from the radiation source and increase shielding
- decrease exposure time, increase distance from the radiation source and decrease shielding
decrease exposure time, increase the distance from the radiation source and increase shielding
Which of these techniques causes a major increase in scatter radiation?
- increasing the kVp
- increasing the time
- increasing the mA
- increasing the focal-film distance
increasing the kVp
Which imaging technology has the least safety concern for the patient and technician?
- Fluoroscopy
- Ultrasound
- Digital radiography
- Plain film radiography
Ultrasound
If a radiograph is too light with adequate penetration, you should
- Increase kVp 10-15%
- Decrease mAs 30-50%
- Decrease kVp 10-15%
- Increase mAs 30-50%
Increase mAs 30-50%
What is the light-sensitive chemical impregnanted into an x-ray film?
- silver halide
- gelatin emulsion
- polyester base
- supercoat
silver halide
A grid is recommended to reduce scatter radiation when a body part exceeds what measurement?
- 4 cm
- 10 cm
- 8 cm
- 2 cm
10 cm
Positioning the lateral pelvis should include the
- lower leg perpendicular to the body, and the upper leg positioned caudally
- hip joints superimposed
- ilia rotated slightly, so you can see both on the radiograph
- hind legs positioned caudally
lower leg perpendicular to the body, and the upper leg positioned caudally
Which contrast study listed is indicated if a draining tract is present?
- myelography
- arthrography
- fistulography
- celiography
fistulography
What patient restraint is recommended for the greatest safety from radiation exposure?
- open-mitted lead gloves held out of the beam
- gauze ties held at a distance
- chemical restraint without holding the patient
- full-leaded gloves and apron
chemical restraint without holding the patient
The main purpose of the x-ray developer is to
- clear away the unexposed underdeveloped silver halide
- swell and soften the emulsion
- reduce the unexposed silver halide to black metallic silver
- convert the exposed silver halide to black metallic silver
convert the exposed silver halide to black metallic silver
Which of the following give you a mAs of 15?
- 300 mA and 1/20 s
- 150 mA and 1/20 s
- 300 mA and 1/10 s
- 150 mA and 1/15 s
300 mA and 1/20 s
Which bone is not associated with the forelimb?
- Metacarpal
- Tibia
- Ulna
- Humerus
Tibia
The temperature of the cathode is controlled by the
- FFD
- kVp
- mA
- time
mA
A urine filled bladder on ultrasound is best described as
- Hypoechoic
- Hyperechoic
- Anechoic
- Attenuated
Anechoic
The bisecting angle technique is associated with taking an x-ray of the
- thorax
- spine
- stifle
- teeth
teeth
What is the proper order of manual processing of x-ray film?
- rinse, fix, dry, wash, develop
- fix, wash, develop, dry, rinse
- develop, rinse, fix, wash, dry
- wash, develop, rinse, fix, dry
develop, rinse, fix, wash, dry
A black “tree” pattern artifact on the film is caused by
- chemical splash
- dirt in the cassette
- bending the film
- static electrical charge
static electrical charge
If a film is too dark and over penetrated, you should
- Increase kVp 10-15%
- Decrease kVp 10-15%
- Decrease mAs 30-50%
- Increase mAs 30-50%
Decrease kVp 10-15%
Which contrast medium listed is considered negative contrast?
- organic iodide
- air
- barium sulfate
- water-soluble organic iodide
Air
A dog is lying in left lateral recumbency for a pelvis radiograph. The right femur will be:
- more magnified because of decreased focal-film distance and increased object-film distance
- more magnified because of increased focal-film distance and decreased object-film distance
- less magnified because of decreased focal-film distance and decreased object-film distance
- less magnified because of increased focal-film distance and decreased object-film distance
more magnified because of decreased focal-film distance and increased object-film distance
Which of the following typically appear hyperechoic (bright white) on an ultrasound image?
- Colon and liver
- Bone and gas
- Spleen and lung
- Bone and fluid
Bone and gas
Abdominal radiographs are best taken when the
- Animal is under anesthesia
- Animal is at peak inspiration
- Animal exhales
- Animal inhales
Animal exhales
The field of view of the pelvis for the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) includes
- femurs and stiles
- lumbar 7, pelvis, and femurs
- pelvis, femurs, and stifles
- pelvis and femurs
pelvis, femurs, and stifles
The kVp controls the
- focal spot size
- number of electrons emitted
- quality of the x-ray beam
- quantity of the x-ray beam
quality of the x-ray beam
An RVT is positioning a portable x-ray machine to take a radiograph of the left hock of a horse. She is standing behind and to the left side of the horse. What is the radiographic projection?
- Palmaromedial-dorsolateral oblique
- Plantomedial-dorsolateral oblique
- Palmarolateral-dorsomedial oblique
- Plantolateral-dorsomedial oblique
Plantolateral-dorsomedial oblique
Foreshortening occurs when radiographing a long bone, and the
- Bone is not perpendicular to the cassette
- Bone is not parallel to the cassette
- Exposure technique is incorrect
- Cassette is of the wrong speed
Bone is not parallel to the cassette
When radiographing an extremity
- high kVp is best
- a long scale of contrast is best
- contrast scale does not matter
- a short scale of contrast is best
a short scale of contrast is best
The main purpose of the x-ray fixer is to
- swell and soften the emulsion
- reduce the unexposed silver halide to black metallic silver
- clear away the unexposed underdeveloped silver halide
- convert the exposed silver halide to black metallic silver
clear away the unexposed underdeveloped silver halide
What is the term used to describe the tube-to-film distance?
- focal-skin distance
- focal-film distance
- focal spot
- focal-object distance
focal-film distance
If a radiograph is too dark but has adequate penetration, you should
- decrease kVp 10-15%
- increase the mAs 30-50%
- increase kVp 10-15%
- decrease mAs 30-50%
decrease mAs 30-50%
Scatter radiation is more noticeable if there is
- Lower kVp, thinner patient, and smaller field size
- Higher kVp, thicker patient, and smaller field size
- Lower kVp, thicker patient, and larger field size
- Higher kVp, thicker patient, and larger field size
Higher kVp, thicker patient, and larger field size
If a radiograph is too dark but has adequate penetration, you should
- increase kVp 10-15%
- decrease mAs 30-50%
- increase the mAs 30-50%
- decrease kVp 10-15%
decrease mAs 30-50%
Which contrast study listed requires the patient’s head to be elevated after injection of contrast medium?
- arthrography
- myelography
- fistulography
- pneumo-peritoneograhy
myelography
The primary difference between an OFA and a PennHIP evaluation is that
- OFA focuses on the degree of joint laxity using three views
- PennHIP focuses on the degree of joint laxity using three views
- PennHIP does not require special training of personnel
- OFA provides specific parameters for various breeds of dogs
PennHIP focuses on the degree of joint laxity using three views
The ultrasound term that refers to few echoes detected, and the area is a low-level gray compared with the surrounding tissue, is
- anechoic
- echoic
- hypoechoic
- hyperechoic
hypoechoic
What are the topographic landmarks of the thorax?
- cranial landmark, three rib spaces cranial to the xiphoid; caudal landmark, greater trochanter
- cranial landmark, second cervical vertebra; caudal landmark, fifth thoracic vertebra
- cranial landmark, manubrium sterni; caudal landmark, halfway between the xiphoid and last rib
- cranial landmark, manubrium sterni; caudal landmark, greater trochanter
cranial landmark, manubrium sterni; caudal landmark, halfway between the xiphoid and last rib
What is the advantage of using screen x-ray film over nonscreen film?
- screen film produces better detail
- screen film requires shorter exposure time
- nonscreen film takes longer to develop
- screen film costs less
screen film requires shorter exposure time
When radiographing a long bone, it is important to
- include as much of the abdomen as possible
- include the joint proximal and joint distal
- measure over the thinnest area for the kilovolatage peak
- include the long bone only, not the joints
include the joint proximal and joint distal
What is a latent image?
- an image on the film before exposure
- An image on the film after processing
- calcium tungstate crystals in the film’s emulsion that have been exposed to radiant energy before processing
- silver halide crystals in the film’s emulsion that have been exposed to radiant energy before processing
silver halide crystals in the film’s emulsion that have been exposed to radiant energy before processing
If mA = 100 and s = 1/10, what is the mAs of the x-ray exposure technique?
- 1
- 1000
- 100
- 10
10
The exposure factors from a standard technique chart should be modified by decreasing the mAs by 50%for which of the following patients?
- plaster cast on leg
- neonatal dog
- heavily muscled
- obese
neonatal dog
An upper GI study is performed to evaluate
- esophagus and stomach
- large intestine
- stomach and small intestine
- stomach only
stomach and small intestine
A sievert (Sv) is the
- film badge that contains lithium fluoride compounds
- radiation that occurs when the primary beam interacts with matter
- unit of radiation dose equivalent to the absorbed dose in tissue
- unit of absorbed dose imparted by ionizing radiation
unit of radiation dose equivalent to the absorbed dose in tissue
If an operator can increase the distance from the primary beam by a factor of 2, what would be the resultant dose of radiation?
- 1/4
- 1/2
- 1/3
- 1/10
1/4
A veterinary technician notes that a film is too dark, and there is minimal contrast (everything is gray). What is the most appropriate adjustment to be made to improve the quality of the repeat film?
- Decrease kVp
- Decrease mAs
- Increase mAs
- Increase kVp
Decrease kVp
NOT A QUESTION: TERM TO REMEMBER
what does this definition refer to?
a unit of ionizing radiation, the amount producing one electrostatic unit of positive or negative ionic charge in one cubic centimeter of air under standard conditions.
Roentgen
(RENT·GN)
What is the purpose of an oblique projection?
- to decrease detail on the finished radiographic film
- to image areas toward the median plane
- to delineate an area that is normally superimposed over another
- to image the coccygeal vertebrae
to delineate an area that is normally superimposed over another
