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Licensure Exam Comprehensive Review > Diagnostic Imaging Homework > Flashcards

Diagnostic Imaging Homework Flashcards

1
Q

The minimum standard of lead equivalent for protective aprons and gloves is

  • 0.3 mm
  • 0.5 mm
  • 0.25 mm
  • 0.4 mm
A

0.5mm

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2
Q

The crystals of high-speed screens as compared to ones of par speed are

  • smaller and there is more detail
  • bigger and there is more detail
  • smaller and there is less detail
  • bigger and there is less detail
A

bigger and there is less detail

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3
Q

Because of the relationship between the mA and the mAs, as you increase the mA you can

  • Decrease the time so there is increased risk of movement
  • Increase the kVp which means no change in density
  • Decrease the time to reduce chance of movement
  • Increase the time to reduce the chance of movement
A

Decrease the time to reduce chance of movement

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4
Q

You are looking at a film that is totally clear except for a bit of black around the edges. Your film has not been

  • fixed
  • developed or fixed
  • exposed to radiation
  • developed
A

exposed to radiation

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5
Q

A special study that involves a negative contrast media is

  • Nephrogram
  • Arthrography
  • Pneumocystogram
  • Myelography
A

Pneumocystogram

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6
Q

What type of x-ray film produces the greatest detail?

  • rare earth
  • low speed
  • nonscreen
  • high speed
A

nonscreen

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7
Q

What safety feature on x-ray machines limits the size of the primary beam and reduces secondary x-ray exposure to the operator?

  • leaded glass
  • filter
  • collimator
  • dead-man switch
A

collimator

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8
Q

What is the minimum aluminum filter equivalent for x-ray machines with an output greater than 70 kVp?

  • 1.5 mm
  • 2.5 mm
  • 1 mm
  • 5 mm
A

2.5 mm

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9
Q

For the cervical series, you should center the beam on

  • C1-C2
  • C7-C8
  • C7-T1
  • C3-C4
A

C3 - C4

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10
Q

Which views must be taken to properly perform a thoracic metastasis check on a patient with mammary adenocarcinoma?

  • right or left lateral and a VD
  • right and left lateral views and a VD or DV
  • DV or VD only
  • right and left lateral only
A

right and left lateral views and a VD or DV

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11
Q

Which anatomic structure will show the greatest amount of magnification in a ventrodorsal radiograph?

  • Liver
  • Sternum
  • Spine
  • Esophagus
A

Sternum

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12
Q

Screen-type film

  • requires a longer exposure time than direct-exposure film
  • is the most sensitive to light produced by the intensifying screen
  • is most sensitive to direct x-ray beams
  • can be processed manually only
A

is the most sensitive to light produced by the intensifying screen

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13
Q

The term dorsomedial-plantar lateral oblique means that the x-ray beam is directed at the

  • dorsal limb aspect, and the film is against the medial side of the limb
  • plantar limb aspect, and the film is against the lateral side of the limb
  • plantar limb aspect, and the film is against the medial side of the limb
  • dorsal limb aspect, and the film is against the lateral side of the limb
A

dorsal limb aspect, and the film is against the lateral side of the limb

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14
Q

The imaging technique that involves a piezoelectric crystal within a a transducer is

  • ultrasound
  • tomography
  • scintigraphy
  • magnetic resonance
A

ultrasound

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15
Q

What information can a barium-impregnanted polyethylene spheres (BIPS) study provide?

  • information about the mucosal surface of the small intestine
  • information about a relatively minor
    obstruction in the colon
  • information about gastric transit time
  • information about gastric ulceration
A

information about gastric transit time

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16
Q

Non-screen film is most likely to be used for

  • dental
  • abdomen
  • pelvis
  • thorax
A

dental

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17
Q

When taking a lateral thoracic radiograph, you should make sure the spine and sternum are

  • perpendicular to the table
  • lying on the table
  • oblique slightly to the table
  • equidistant from the table
A

equidistant from the table

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18
Q

The tungsten plate (target) is located where on the x-ray machine?

  • bucky
  • collimator
  • anode
  • cathode
A

anode

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19
Q

What is the international unit of ionizing radiation exposure, abbreviated at R?

  • Roentgen
  • Rem
  • Rad
  • Radon
A

Roentgen

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20
Q

What patient restraint is recommended for the greatest safety from radiation exposure?

  • open-mit leaded gloves held out of the beam
  • full-leaded gloves and apron
  • gauze ties held at a distance
  • chemical restraint without holding the patient
A

chemical restraint without holding the patient

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21
Q

When the object-to-film distance is increased, the image is

  • distorted
  • lightened
  • darkened
  • magnified
A

magnified

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22
Q

A table-top (non-grid) view is used to x-ray the

  • pelvis
  • abdomen
  • extremities
  • thorax
A

extremities

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23
Q

Which of the following artifacts cannot be produced in a digital radiograph?

  • Collimated area off cassette
  • Fixer not washed away
  • Motion
  • Gloves in primary beam
A

Fixer not washed away

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24
Q

Why are intensifying screens added to an x-ray cassette?

  • to allow even x-ray distribution over the film
  • to cause light exposure of the film
  • to reduce scatter inside the cassette
  • to change clue-sensitive to green-sensitive film
A

to cause light exposure of the film

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25
Q

Which of the following does not affect radiographic density?

  • focal-film distance
  • kVp
  • object-film distance
  • mAs
A

object-film distance

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26
Q

When radiographing extremities, the beam should be centered

  • at the thickest portion of the extremity
  • wherever the collimator allows inclusion of the entire extremity
  • midway on the shaft of the bone of choice
  • at the larger joint end
A

midway on the shaft of the bone of choice

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27
Q

When taking a radiograph of an equine limb the portable x-ray souce is 90 cm away from the cassette. You then move closer so that the source is now 30 cm away from the cassette. If no changes are made to the settings of the machine, what will be the beam intensity of the second radiograph relative to the first?

  • 1/3 intensity at 30 cm compared to 90 cm
  • 3 times greater intensity at 30 cm compared to 90 cm
  • 9 times greater intensity at 30 cm compared to 90 cm
  • 1/9 intensity at 30 cm compared to 90 cm
A

9 times greater intensity at 30 cm compared to 90 cm

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28
Q

Which anatomic structure would cast the lightest image on a radiograph?

  • Femur
  • Liver
  • Trachea
  • Perirenal fat
A

Femur

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29
Q

The acceleration of the electrons and their ultimate striking energy is determined by the

  • kVp
  • mA
  • mAs
  • time
A

kVp

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30
Q

When taking a radiograph, you should whenever possible

  • decrease exposure time, increase the distance from the radiation source and increase shielding
  • increase exposure time, decrease distance from the radiation source, and increase shielding
  • increase exposure time, increase the distance from the radiation source and increase shielding
  • decrease exposure time, increase distance from the radiation source and decrease shielding
A

decrease exposure time, increase the distance from the radiation source and increase shielding

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31
Q

Which of these techniques causes a major increase in scatter radiation?

  • increasing the kVp
  • increasing the time
  • increasing the mA
  • increasing the focal-film distance
A

increasing the kVp

32
Q

Which imaging technology has the least safety concern for the patient and technician?

  • Fluoroscopy
  • Ultrasound
  • Digital radiography
  • Plain film radiography
A

Ultrasound

33
Q

If a radiograph is too light with adequate penetration, you should

  • Increase kVp 10-15%
  • Decrease mAs 30-50%
  • Decrease kVp 10-15%
  • Increase mAs 30-50%
A

Increase mAs 30-50%

34
Q

What is the light-sensitive chemical impregnanted into an x-ray film?

  • silver halide
  • gelatin emulsion
  • polyester base
  • supercoat
A

silver halide

35
Q

A grid is recommended to reduce scatter radiation when a body part exceeds what measurement?

  • 4 cm
  • 10 cm
  • 8 cm
  • 2 cm
A

10 cm

36
Q

Positioning the lateral pelvis should include the

  • lower leg perpendicular to the body, and the upper leg positioned caudally
  • hip joints superimposed
  • ilia rotated slightly, so you can see both on the radiograph
  • hind legs positioned caudally
A

lower leg perpendicular to the body, and the upper leg positioned caudally

37
Q

Which contrast study listed is indicated if a draining tract is present?

  • myelography
  • arthrography
  • fistulography
  • celiography
A

fistulography

38
Q

What patient restraint is recommended for the greatest safety from radiation exposure?

  • open-mitted lead gloves held out of the beam
  • gauze ties held at a distance
  • chemical restraint without holding the patient
  • full-leaded gloves and apron
A

chemical restraint without holding the patient

39
Q

The main purpose of the x-ray developer is to

  • clear away the unexposed underdeveloped silver halide
  • swell and soften the emulsion
  • reduce the unexposed silver halide to black metallic silver
  • convert the exposed silver halide to black metallic silver
A

convert the exposed silver halide to black metallic silver

40
Q

Which of the following give you a mAs of 15?

  • 300 mA and 1/20 s
  • 150 mA and 1/20 s
  • 300 mA and 1/10 s
  • 150 mA and 1/15 s
A

300 mA and 1/20 s

41
Q

Which bone is not associated with the forelimb?

  • Metacarpal
  • Tibia
  • Ulna
  • Humerus
A

Tibia

42
Q

The temperature of the cathode is controlled by the

  • FFD
  • kVp
  • mA
  • time
A

mA

43
Q

A urine filled bladder on ultrasound is best described as

  • Hypoechoic
  • Hyperechoic
  • Anechoic
  • Attenuated
A

Anechoic

44
Q

The bisecting angle technique is associated with taking an x-ray of the

  • thorax
  • spine
  • stifle
  • teeth
A

teeth

45
Q

What is the proper order of manual processing of x-ray film?

  • rinse, fix, dry, wash, develop
  • fix, wash, develop, dry, rinse
  • develop, rinse, fix, wash, dry
  • wash, develop, rinse, fix, dry
A

develop, rinse, fix, wash, dry

46
Q

A black “tree” pattern artifact on the film is caused by

  • chemical splash
  • dirt in the cassette
  • bending the film
  • static electrical charge
A

static electrical charge

47
Q

If a film is too dark and over penetrated, you should

  • Increase kVp 10-15%
  • Decrease kVp 10-15%
  • Decrease mAs 30-50%
  • Increase mAs 30-50%
A

Decrease kVp 10-15%

48
Q

Which contrast medium listed is considered negative contrast?

  • organic iodide
  • air
  • barium sulfate
  • water-soluble organic iodide
A

Air

49
Q

A dog is lying in left lateral recumbency for a pelvis radiograph. The right femur will be:

  • more magnified because of decreased focal-film distance and increased object-film distance
  • more magnified because of increased focal-film distance and decreased object-film distance
  • less magnified because of decreased focal-film distance and decreased object-film distance
  • less magnified because of increased focal-film distance and decreased object-film distance
A

more magnified because of decreased focal-film distance and increased object-film distance

50
Q

Which of the following typically appear hyperechoic (bright white) on an ultrasound image?

  • Colon and liver
  • Bone and gas
  • Spleen and lung
  • Bone and fluid
A

Bone and gas

51
Q

Abdominal radiographs are best taken when the

  • Animal is under anesthesia
  • Animal is at peak inspiration
  • Animal exhales
  • Animal inhales
A

Animal exhales

52
Q

The field of view of the pelvis for the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) includes

  • femurs and stiles
  • lumbar 7, pelvis, and femurs
  • pelvis, femurs, and stifles
  • pelvis and femurs
A

pelvis, femurs, and stifles

53
Q

The kVp controls the

  • focal spot size
  • number of electrons emitted
  • quality of the x-ray beam
  • quantity of the x-ray beam
A

quality of the x-ray beam

54
Q

An RVT is positioning a portable x-ray machine to take a radiograph of the left hock of a horse. She is standing behind and to the left side of the horse. What is the radiographic projection?

  • Palmaromedial-dorsolateral oblique
  • Plantomedial-dorsolateral oblique
  • Palmarolateral-dorsomedial oblique
  • Plantolateral-dorsomedial oblique
A

Plantolateral-dorsomedial oblique

55
Q

Foreshortening occurs when radiographing a long bone, and the

  • Bone is not perpendicular to the cassette
  • Bone is not parallel to the cassette
  • Exposure technique is incorrect
  • Cassette is of the wrong speed
A

Bone is not parallel to the cassette

56
Q

When radiographing an extremity

  • high kVp is best
  • a long scale of contrast is best
  • contrast scale does not matter
  • a short scale of contrast is best
A

a short scale of contrast is best

57
Q

The main purpose of the x-ray fixer is to

  • swell and soften the emulsion
  • reduce the unexposed silver halide to black metallic silver
  • clear away the unexposed underdeveloped silver halide
  • convert the exposed silver halide to black metallic silver
A

clear away the unexposed underdeveloped silver halide

58
Q

What is the term used to describe the tube-to-film distance?

  • focal-skin distance
  • focal-film distance
  • focal spot
  • focal-object distance
A

focal-film distance

59
Q

If a radiograph is too dark but has adequate penetration, you should

  • decrease kVp 10-15%
  • increase the mAs 30-50%
  • increase kVp 10-15%
  • decrease mAs 30-50%
A

decrease mAs 30-50%

60
Q

Scatter radiation is more noticeable if there is

  • Lower kVp, thinner patient, and smaller field size
  • Higher kVp, thicker patient, and smaller field size
  • Lower kVp, thicker patient, and larger field size
  • Higher kVp, thicker patient, and larger field size
A

Higher kVp, thicker patient, and larger field size

61
Q

If a radiograph is too dark but has adequate penetration, you should

  • increase kVp 10-15%
  • decrease mAs 30-50%
  • increase the mAs 30-50%
  • decrease kVp 10-15%
A

decrease mAs 30-50%

62
Q

Which contrast study listed requires the patient’s head to be elevated after injection of contrast medium?

  • arthrography
  • myelography
  • fistulography
  • pneumo-peritoneograhy
A

myelography

63
Q

The primary difference between an OFA and a PennHIP evaluation is that

  • OFA focuses on the degree of joint laxity using three views
  • PennHIP focuses on the degree of joint laxity using three views
  • PennHIP does not require special training of personnel
  • OFA provides specific parameters for various breeds of dogs
A

PennHIP focuses on the degree of joint laxity using three views

64
Q

The ultrasound term that refers to few echoes detected, and the area is a low-level gray compared with the surrounding tissue, is

  • anechoic
  • echoic
  • hypoechoic
  • hyperechoic
A

hypoechoic

65
Q

What are the topographic landmarks of the thorax?

  • cranial landmark, three rib spaces cranial to the xiphoid; caudal landmark, greater trochanter
  • cranial landmark, second cervical vertebra; caudal landmark, fifth thoracic vertebra
  • cranial landmark, manubrium sterni; caudal landmark, halfway between the xiphoid and last rib
  • cranial landmark, manubrium sterni; caudal landmark, greater trochanter
A

cranial landmark, manubrium sterni; caudal landmark, halfway between the xiphoid and last rib

66
Q

What is the advantage of using screen x-ray film over nonscreen film?

  • screen film produces better detail
  • screen film requires shorter exposure time
  • nonscreen film takes longer to develop
  • screen film costs less
A

screen film requires shorter exposure time

67
Q

When radiographing a long bone, it is important to

  • include as much of the abdomen as possible
  • include the joint proximal and joint distal
  • measure over the thinnest area for the kilovolatage peak
  • include the long bone only, not the joints
A

include the joint proximal and joint distal

68
Q

What is a latent image?

  • an image on the film before exposure
  • An image on the film after processing
  • calcium tungstate crystals in the film’s emulsion that have been exposed to radiant energy before processing
  • silver halide crystals in the film’s emulsion that have been exposed to radiant energy before processing
A

silver halide crystals in the film’s emulsion that have been exposed to radiant energy before processing

69
Q

If mA = 100 and s = 1/10, what is the mAs of the x-ray exposure technique?

  • 1
  • 1000
  • 100
  • 10
A

10

70
Q

The exposure factors from a standard technique chart should be modified by decreasing the mAs by 50%for which of the following patients?

  • plaster cast on leg
  • neonatal dog
  • heavily muscled
  • obese
A

neonatal dog

71
Q

An upper GI study is performed to evaluate

  • esophagus and stomach
  • large intestine
  • stomach and small intestine
  • stomach only
A

stomach and small intestine

72
Q

A sievert (Sv) is the

  • film badge that contains lithium fluoride compounds
  • radiation that occurs when the primary beam interacts with matter
  • unit of radiation dose equivalent to the absorbed dose in tissue
  • unit of absorbed dose imparted by ionizing radiation
A

unit of radiation dose equivalent to the absorbed dose in tissue

73
Q

If an operator can increase the distance from the primary beam by a factor of 2, what would be the resultant dose of radiation?

  • 1/4
  • 1/2
  • 1/3
  • 1/10
A

1/4

74
Q

A veterinary technician notes that a film is too dark, and there is minimal contrast (everything is gray). What is the most appropriate adjustment to be made to improve the quality of the repeat film?

  • Decrease kVp
  • Decrease mAs
  • Increase mAs
  • Increase kVp
A

Decrease kVp

75
Q

NOT A QUESTION: TERM TO REMEMBER

what does this definition refer to?

a unit of ionizing radiation, the amount producing one electrostatic unit of positive or negative ionic charge in one cubic centimeter of air under standard conditions.

A

Roentgen
(RENT·GN)

76
Q

What is the purpose of an oblique projection?

  • to decrease detail on the finished radiographic film
  • to image areas toward the median plane
  • to delineate an area that is normally superimposed over another
  • to image the coccygeal vertebrae
A

to delineate an area that is normally superimposed over another

Licensure Exam Comprehensive Review (13 decks)

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