Avian and Reptiles Flashcards
Which of the following best describes the predominant normal bacterial flora of the psittacine digestive tract?
- gram negative cocci
- gram negative bacilli
- gram positive cocci
- gram positive bacilli
gram positive bacilli
Which term best describes reptiles in regards to their source of body heat?
- endotherms
- exotherms
- homeotherms
- ectotherms
ectotherms
Which of the following reptile food items is the most nutritionally complete?
- beef liver
- mice
- lettuce
- meal worms
Mice
What is the taxonomic order for frogs and toads?
- Caudata
- Anura
- Sauria
- Amphisbaenia
Anura
Which of the following statements regarding uric acid is false?
- Uric acid forms deposits in body tissues in a disease called gout.
- Uric acid is produced in greater amounts in terrestrial reptiles than in aquatic reptiles.
- Uric acid is highly soluble in water.
- Uric acid contains more nitrogen per molecule than urea or ammonia
Uric acid is highly soluble in water.
Birds excrete nitrogen primarily in which form?
- struvite
- ammonia
- urea
- uric acid
uric acid
Which of the following is a member of the taxonomic group Chelonia?
- red-eared slider
- boa constrictor
- Nile crocodile
- bearded dragon
red-eared slider
Which medical problem is associated with hypovitaminosis A and is encountered most frequently in box turtles?
- gout
- acariasis
- aural abscesses
- dysecdysis
aural abscesses
Which of the following would be appropriate treatment for open burn wounds in a lizard?
- chlorhexidine scrub
- oral steroids
- silver sulfadiazine cream
- styptic powder
silver sulfadiazine cream
What is the typical lifespan of a budgerigar?
- 3 years
- 25 years
- 8 years
- 18 years
8 years
Nebulization is most useful for treating infections of which body system?
- cardiovascular
- musculoskeletal
- Digestive
- respiratory
respiratory
Which of the following would be the most clinically significant piece of information gained from the physical examination of a reptile?
- heart rate
- body weight
- temperature
- respiratory rate
body weight
Which of the following structures is/are absent in birds?
- ribs
- sternum
- lungs
- diaphragm
diaphragm
Which class of antibiotics is the treatment of choice for psittacosis?
- penicillins
- tetracyclines
- aminoglycosides
- sulfonamides
tetracyclines
Reptile blood collected for a CBC should be placed in what color tube?
- blue top
- green top
- red top
- lavender top
green top (heparin)
Which of the following statements regarding avian radiography is incorrect?
- Radiographs are best performed while the patient is under anesthesia.
- Technique charts for small mammals are suitable for birds.
- Avian visceral organs are outlined by air sacs.
- Right lateral and VD are the standard diagnostic views.
Technique charts for small mammals are suitable for birds.
Which of the following lists the digestive tract organs in the correct order starting from the mouth?
- choana, glottis, ventriculus, crop, proventriculus, intestine, ceca
- crop, ventriculus, choana, proventriclus, intestine, ceca, cloaca
- cloaca, esophagus, ventriculus, proventriculus, intestine, choana
- crop, esophagus, proventriculus, ventriculus, intestine, cloaca
crop, esophagus, proventriculus, ventriculus, intestine, cloaca
The forked tongue of snakes and some lizards picks up scent chemicals and delivers them to what accessory olfactory structure?
- glottis
- internal choana
- Harderian gland
- vomeronasal organ
vomeronasal organ
What is the best site for an IM injection in a tortoise?
- shoulder muscles
- semimembranosus/ semitendinosus
- epaxial muscles
- tail
shoulder muscles
In which species would you be most likely to find mites in the gular skin folds?
- ball python
- desert tortoise
- leopard gecko
- bull frog
ball python
Which feathers should be trimmed to restrict flight in an African Grey parrot?
- outer primaries on both wings
- upper coverts
- primaries and secondary’s on one wing
- all secondary’s on both wings
outer primaries on both wings
Pneumatic bones contain what?
- fat
- portal systems
- air spaces
- lung tissue
air spaces
What anatomical location is swabbed and cultured when birds exhibit signs of respiratory disease?
- choana
- cere
- crop
- cloaca
choana
What is a sign of ecdysis in snakes?
- hemorrhage of the ventral scales
- swelling of the cloacal opening
- curvature of the spine
- opacification of the spectacle
opacification of the spectacle
Which reptiles have hemipenes?
- turtles and tortoises
- tuataras
- crocodilians
- snakes and lizards
snakes and lizards
If a feather is cut or clipped, when will it start to grow back?
- 1 month
- immediately
- at the next molt
- 1-2 weeks
at next molt
What is the most common device used for restraint and handling of pet birds?
- muzzle
- net
- towel
- bird bag
towel
Avian vocalizations are produced in which structure?
- sternum
- cere
- syrinx
- larynx
syrinx
What dietary imbalance is most likely to cause egg binding?
- low magnesium
- low fat
- low calcium
- high protein
low calcium
Which of the following is a classic sign of psittacosis infection in parrots?
- green droppings
- feather loss
- distention of the crop
- salivation
green droppings
Personnel should always wear gloves and mask whenever handling pet birds with which disorder?
- chlamydiosis
- aspergillosis
- lipidosis
- pediculosis
chlamydiosis
Which of the following statements is most correct?
- Amphibians exchange some O2 and CO2 directly through their skin.
- Injections should be given through scales rather than between them.
- The reptile heart has one atrium and two ventricles.
- Most snakes shed once per year.
Amphibians exchange some O2 and CO2 directly through their skin.
What is the most useful method for the diagnosis of Knemidocoptes infection in budgies?
- choanal culture
- dermatophyte test medium
- skin scraping
- direct fecal smear
skin scraping
What would be the safest and most effective method to supply heat in a cage for a large snake?
- heating pad covering floor of cage
- heating pad under part of the cage
- heat lamp on top of one half the cage
- hot air blower over the cage
heat lamp on top of one half the cage
When restraining a parrot, which body part must be allowed to move freely?
- humerus
- head
- feet
- keel
keel
Which of the following would be most sensitive to the toxic effects of a disinfectant?
- desert tortoise
- horned frog
- bearded dragon
- ball python
horned frog
In which species would you most likely see the condition dysecdysis?
- leopard frog
- alligator
- box turtle
- reticulated python
reticulated python
Which of the following is a member of the taxonomic group Ophidia?
- Green Iguana
- Burmese python
- California desert tortoise
- American alligator
Burmese Python
What is a cloacal probe used for in snakes?
- identify the sex of a snake
- collecting fecal samples for parasitology
- treatment of dystocia
- collecting samples for culture and sensitivity
Identify the sex of a snake
How close to a bearded dragon must an artificial source of UVB light be in order to produce adequate effects?
- 2 inches
- 2 Feet
- 3 meters
- 6 feet
2 feet
Which organ is lacking in snakes, crocodilians, and some species of lizards?
- urinary bladder
- lungs
- kidney
- liver
urinary bladder
In which reptiles is anesthesia routinely induced by intubation and positive-pressure ventilation of inhalant anesthetics?
- snakes
- lizards
- turtles
- crocodilians
Turtles
What is the most common problem facing captive reptiles and amphibians?
- parasitism
- improper husbandry
- infectious disease
- cagemate aggression
improper husbandry
What is the average weight of a cockatiel?
- 1 kg
- 100 grams
- 30 grams
- 6 oz.
100 grams, equal to 3oz.
Which bones are suitable for placing intraosseous catheters in birds?
- femur and ilium
- sternum and clavicle
- humerus and coracoid
- tibiotarsus and ulna
tibiotarsus and ulna
What is the preferred treatment for hemorrhage due to a broken blood feather?
- pull the feather out and pack clotting powder into the follicle
- cut the feather off near the base
- pull the feather out at the base and apply pressure
- leave it alone until it clots
pull the feather out at the base and apply pressure
Where is the tip of the gavage tube positioned when an avian patient is being tube fed?
- ventriculus
- crop
- proventriculus
- esophagus
Crop
Which is the preferred muscle for an intramuscular injection to a pigeon?
- pectoral
- lumbosacral
- semimembranosus/ semitendinosus
- gluteal
Pectoral
Which of the following should the veterinary technician be sure to do when an avian patient is anesthetized for abdominal surgery?
- position the patient in ventral recumbency during recovery
- check that the endotracheal tube cuff is fully inflated
- confirm that the patient was NPO for at least 24 hours
- prevent hypothermia of the patient
Prevent hypothermia of the patient.
Budgerigars belong to which order?
- Piciformes
- Strigiformes
- Galliformes
- Psittaciformes
Psittaciformes
Which disorder is found most commonly in herbivorous captive reptiles?
- retained spectacles
- infectious stomatitis
- metabolic bone disease
- dystocia
metabolic bone disease
What is the best site for an IM injection in a snake?
- tail
- neck
- caudal epaxial muscles
- cranial epaxial muscles
cranial epaxial muscles
In pet bird veterinary practice, what is the most common method of anesthetic induction used?
- direct intravenous injection
- intramuscular injection
- mask induction
- injection through an intravenous catheter
Mask induction
Which of the following is recommended as the foundation for a psittacine diet?
- fruits
- seeds
- vegetables
- pellets
pellets
Cardiocentesis would mostly likely be used for blood collection in which animal?
- spur thigh tortoise
- monitor lizard
- corn snake
- American crocodile
corn snake
Which of the following would be the preferred site to collect blood from an adult green iguana?
- cardiocentesis
- right jugular vein
- ventral tail vein
- femoral artery
ventral tail vein
What is the maximum volume of blood that can be safely collected from a 400 gram amazon parrot?
- 4 ml
- 40 ml
- 10 ml
- 0.1 ml
4 ml
Which of the following statements is most correct?
- The eggs of many reptile parasites will not float in the flotation solutions commonly used in small animal practice.
- Parasites do not infest cold-blooded animals.
- Captive bred reptiles generally have more parasites than do wild caught reptiles.
- Protozoans are never found in healthy reptiles.
The eggs of many reptile parasites will not float in the flotation solutions commonly used in small animal practice.
Which of the following statements is most correct?
- Aquatic turtles are the most common reptiles to harbor Salmonella.
- All types of Salmonella found in reptiles are pathogenic in humans.
- If a reptile is determined to carry Salmonella, it must be euthanized.
- Salmonella may only be isolated from unhealthy reptiles.
Aquatic turtles are the most common reptiles to harbor Salmonella.
What is the principal purpose of the keel on the avian sternum?
- provide a large area for attachment of flight muscles
- provide a firm surface for landing after flight.
- to increase fat storage
- used as a weapon for self defense
provide a large area for attachment of flight muscles
Which of the following is the largest vein and most recommended site for venipuncture in psittacines?
- right jugular vein
- digital vein
- medial metatarsal vein
- basilic vein
right jugular vein
Which of the following avian parasites is zoonotic?
- Giardia
- gapeworms
- coccidia
- scaly face mite
Giardia
