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Licensure Exam Comprehensive Review > Avian and Reptiles > Flashcards

Avian and Reptiles Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following best describes the predominant normal bacterial flora of the psittacine digestive tract?

  • gram negative cocci
  • gram negative bacilli
  • gram positive cocci
  • gram positive bacilli
A

gram positive bacilli

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2
Q

Which term best describes reptiles in regards to their source of body heat?

  • endotherms
  • exotherms
  • homeotherms
  • ectotherms
A

ectotherms

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3
Q

Which of the following reptile food items is the most nutritionally complete?

  • beef liver
  • mice
  • lettuce
  • meal worms
A

Mice

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4
Q

What is the taxonomic order for frogs and toads?

  • Caudata
  • Anura
  • Sauria
  • Amphisbaenia
A

Anura

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5
Q

Which of the following statements regarding uric acid is false?

  • Uric acid forms deposits in body tissues in a disease called gout.
  • Uric acid is produced in greater amounts in terrestrial reptiles than in aquatic reptiles.
  • Uric acid is highly soluble in water.
  • Uric acid contains more nitrogen per molecule than urea or ammonia
A

Uric acid is highly soluble in water.

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6
Q

Birds excrete nitrogen primarily in which form?

  • struvite
  • ammonia
  • urea
  • uric acid
A

uric acid

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7
Q

Which of the following is a member of the taxonomic group Chelonia?

  • red-eared slider
  • boa constrictor
  • Nile crocodile
  • bearded dragon
A

red-eared slider

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8
Q

Which medical problem is associated with hypovitaminosis A and is encountered most frequently in box turtles?

  • gout
  • acariasis
  • aural abscesses
  • dysecdysis
A

aural abscesses

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9
Q

Which of the following would be appropriate treatment for open burn wounds in a lizard?

  • chlorhexidine scrub
  • oral steroids
  • silver sulfadiazine cream
  • styptic powder
A

silver sulfadiazine cream

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10
Q

What is the typical lifespan of a budgerigar?

  • 3 years
  • 25 years
  • 8 years
  • 18 years
A

8 years

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11
Q

Nebulization is most useful for treating infections of which body system?

  • cardiovascular
  • musculoskeletal
  • Digestive
  • respiratory
A

respiratory

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12
Q

Which of the following would be the most clinically significant piece of information gained from the physical examination of a reptile?

  • heart rate
  • body weight
  • temperature
  • respiratory rate
A

body weight

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13
Q

Which of the following structures is/are absent in birds?

  • ribs
  • sternum
  • lungs
  • diaphragm
A

diaphragm

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14
Q

Which class of antibiotics is the treatment of choice for psittacosis?

  • penicillins
  • tetracyclines
  • aminoglycosides
  • sulfonamides
A

tetracyclines

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15
Q

Reptile blood collected for a CBC should be placed in what color tube?

  • blue top
  • green top
  • red top
  • lavender top
A

green top (heparin)

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16
Q

Which of the following statements regarding avian radiography is incorrect?

  • Radiographs are best performed while the patient is under anesthesia.
  • Technique charts for small mammals are suitable for birds.
  • Avian visceral organs are outlined by air sacs.
  • Right lateral and VD are the standard diagnostic views.
A

Technique charts for small mammals are suitable for birds.

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17
Q

Which of the following lists the digestive tract organs in the correct order starting from the mouth?

  • choana, glottis, ventriculus, crop, proventriculus, intestine, ceca
  • crop, ventriculus, choana, proventriclus, intestine, ceca, cloaca
  • cloaca, esophagus, ventriculus, proventriculus, intestine, choana
  • crop, esophagus, proventriculus, ventriculus, intestine, cloaca
A

crop, esophagus, proventriculus, ventriculus, intestine, cloaca

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18
Q

The forked tongue of snakes and some lizards picks up scent chemicals and delivers them to what accessory olfactory structure?

  • glottis
  • internal choana
  • Harderian gland
  • vomeronasal organ
A

vomeronasal organ

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19
Q

What is the best site for an IM injection in a tortoise?

  • shoulder muscles
  • semimembranosus/ semitendinosus
  • epaxial muscles
  • tail
A

shoulder muscles

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20
Q

In which species would you be most likely to find mites in the gular skin folds?

  • ball python
  • desert tortoise
  • leopard gecko
  • bull frog
A

ball python

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21
Q

Which feathers should be trimmed to restrict flight in an African Grey parrot?

  • outer primaries on both wings
  • upper coverts
  • primaries and secondary’s on one wing
  • all secondary’s on both wings
A

outer primaries on both wings

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22
Q

Pneumatic bones contain what?

  • fat
  • portal systems
  • air spaces
  • lung tissue
A

air spaces

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23
Q

What anatomical location is swabbed and cultured when birds exhibit signs of respiratory disease?

  • choana
  • cere
  • crop
  • cloaca
A

choana

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24
Q

What is a sign of ecdysis in snakes?

  • hemorrhage of the ventral scales
  • swelling of the cloacal opening
  • curvature of the spine
  • opacification of the spectacle
A

opacification of the spectacle

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25
Q

Which reptiles have hemipenes?

  • turtles and tortoises
  • tuataras
  • crocodilians
  • snakes and lizards
A

snakes and lizards

26
Q

If a feather is cut or clipped, when will it start to grow back?

  • 1 month
  • immediately
  • at the next molt
  • 1-2 weeks
A

at next molt

27
Q

What is the most common device used for restraint and handling of pet birds?

  • muzzle
  • net
  • towel
  • bird bag
A

towel

28
Q

Avian vocalizations are produced in which structure?

  • sternum
  • cere
  • syrinx
  • larynx
A

syrinx

29
Q

What dietary imbalance is most likely to cause egg binding?

  • low magnesium
  • low fat
  • low calcium
  • high protein
A

low calcium

30
Q

Which of the following is a classic sign of psittacosis infection in parrots?

  • green droppings
  • feather loss
  • distention of the crop
  • salivation
A

green droppings

31
Q

Personnel should always wear gloves and mask whenever handling pet birds with which disorder?

  • chlamydiosis
  • aspergillosis
  • lipidosis
  • pediculosis
A

chlamydiosis

32
Q

Which of the following statements is most correct?

  • Amphibians exchange some O2 and CO2 directly through their skin.
  • Injections should be given through scales rather than between them.
  • The reptile heart has one atrium and two ventricles.
  • Most snakes shed once per year.
A

Amphibians exchange some O2 and CO2 directly through their skin.

33
Q

What is the most useful method for the diagnosis of Knemidocoptes infection in budgies?

  • choanal culture
  • dermatophyte test medium
  • skin scraping
  • direct fecal smear
A

skin scraping

34
Q

What would be the safest and most effective method to supply heat in a cage for a large snake?

  • heating pad covering floor of cage
  • heating pad under part of the cage
  • heat lamp on top of one half the cage
  • hot air blower over the cage
A

heat lamp on top of one half the cage

35
Q

When restraining a parrot, which body part must be allowed to move freely?

  • humerus
  • head
  • feet
  • keel
A

keel

36
Q

Which of the following would be most sensitive to the toxic effects of a disinfectant?

  • desert tortoise
  • horned frog
  • bearded dragon
  • ball python
A

horned frog

37
Q

In which species would you most likely see the condition dysecdysis?

  • leopard frog
  • alligator
  • box turtle
  • reticulated python
A

reticulated python

38
Q

Which of the following is a member of the taxonomic group Ophidia?

  • Green Iguana
  • Burmese python
  • California desert tortoise
  • American alligator
A

Burmese Python

39
Q

What is a cloacal probe used for in snakes?

  • identify the sex of a snake
  • collecting fecal samples for parasitology
  • treatment of dystocia
  • collecting samples for culture and sensitivity
A

Identify the sex of a snake

40
Q

How close to a bearded dragon must an artificial source of UVB light be in order to produce adequate effects?

  • 2 inches
  • 2 Feet
  • 3 meters
  • 6 feet
A

2 feet

41
Q

Which organ is lacking in snakes, crocodilians, and some species of lizards?

  • urinary bladder
  • lungs
  • kidney
  • liver
A

urinary bladder

42
Q

In which reptiles is anesthesia routinely induced by intubation and positive-pressure ventilation of inhalant anesthetics?

  • snakes
  • lizards
  • turtles
  • crocodilians
A

Turtles

43
Q

What is the most common problem facing captive reptiles and amphibians?

  • parasitism
  • improper husbandry
  • infectious disease
  • cagemate aggression
A

improper husbandry

44
Q

What is the average weight of a cockatiel?

  • 1 kg
  • 100 grams
  • 30 grams
  • 6 oz.
A

100 grams, equal to 3oz.

45
Q

Which bones are suitable for placing intraosseous catheters in birds?

  • femur and ilium
  • sternum and clavicle
  • humerus and coracoid
  • tibiotarsus and ulna
A

tibiotarsus and ulna

46
Q

What is the preferred treatment for hemorrhage due to a broken blood feather?

  • pull the feather out and pack clotting powder into the follicle
  • cut the feather off near the base
  • pull the feather out at the base and apply pressure
  • leave it alone until it clots
A

pull the feather out at the base and apply pressure

47
Q

Where is the tip of the gavage tube positioned when an avian patient is being tube fed?

  • ventriculus
  • crop
  • proventriculus
  • esophagus
A

Crop

48
Q

Which is the preferred muscle for an intramuscular injection to a pigeon?

  • pectoral
  • lumbosacral
  • semimembranosus/ semitendinosus
  • gluteal
A

Pectoral

49
Q

Which of the following should the veterinary technician be sure to do when an avian patient is anesthetized for abdominal surgery?

  • position the patient in ventral recumbency during recovery
  • check that the endotracheal tube cuff is fully inflated
  • confirm that the patient was NPO for at least 24 hours
  • prevent hypothermia of the patient
A

Prevent hypothermia of the patient.

50
Q

Budgerigars belong to which order?

  • Piciformes
  • Strigiformes
  • Galliformes
  • Psittaciformes
A

Psittaciformes

51
Q

Which disorder is found most commonly in herbivorous captive reptiles?

  • retained spectacles
  • infectious stomatitis
  • metabolic bone disease
  • dystocia
A

metabolic bone disease

52
Q

What is the best site for an IM injection in a snake?

  • tail
  • neck
  • caudal epaxial muscles
  • cranial epaxial muscles
A

cranial epaxial muscles

53
Q

In pet bird veterinary practice, what is the most common method of anesthetic induction used?

  • direct intravenous injection
  • intramuscular injection
  • mask induction
  • injection through an intravenous catheter
A

Mask induction

54
Q

Which of the following is recommended as the foundation for a psittacine diet?

  • fruits
  • seeds
  • vegetables
  • pellets
A

pellets

55
Q

Cardiocentesis would mostly likely be used for blood collection in which animal?

  • spur thigh tortoise
  • monitor lizard
  • corn snake
  • American crocodile
A

corn snake

56
Q

Which of the following would be the preferred site to collect blood from an adult green iguana?

  • cardiocentesis
  • right jugular vein
  • ventral tail vein
  • femoral artery
A

ventral tail vein

57
Q

What is the maximum volume of blood that can be safely collected from a 400 gram amazon parrot?

  • 4 ml
  • 40 ml
  • 10 ml
  • 0.1 ml
A

4 ml

58
Q

Which of the following statements is most correct?

  • The eggs of many reptile parasites will not float in the flotation solutions commonly used in small animal practice.
  • Parasites do not infest cold-blooded animals.
  • Captive bred reptiles generally have more parasites than do wild caught reptiles.
  • Protozoans are never found in healthy reptiles.
A

The eggs of many reptile parasites will not float in the flotation solutions commonly used in small animal practice.

59
Q

Which of the following statements is most correct?

  • Aquatic turtles are the most common reptiles to harbor Salmonella.
  • All types of Salmonella found in reptiles are pathogenic in humans.
  • If a reptile is determined to carry Salmonella, it must be euthanized.
  • Salmonella may only be isolated from unhealthy reptiles.
A

Aquatic turtles are the most common reptiles to harbor Salmonella.

60
Q

What is the principal purpose of the keel on the avian sternum?

  • provide a large area for attachment of flight muscles
  • provide a firm surface for landing after flight.
  • to increase fat storage
  • used as a weapon for self defense
A

provide a large area for attachment of flight muscles

61
Q

Which of the following is the largest vein and most recommended site for venipuncture in psittacines?

  • right jugular vein
  • digital vein
  • medial metatarsal vein
  • basilic vein
A

right jugular vein

62
Q

Which of the following avian parasites is zoonotic?

  • Giardia
  • gapeworms
  • coccidia
  • scaly face mite
A

Giardia

Licensure Exam Comprehensive Review (13 decks)

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