Diabetic Drugs Flashcards
Metformin SE
Lactic acidosis
Diarrhoea
Abdominal discomfort
Taste disturbance
⬇️B12
Biguanide examples
Metformin
Metformin MA
Disables mitochondrial resp chain in hepatocytes
|
V
Fatty acid oxidation
|
V
Decreased glucose production (glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis)
SGLT-2 Inhibitor Examples
-gliflozin
Empagliflozin
Canagliflozin
Dapagliflozin
SGLT-2 Inhibitors MA
Blocks Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 in PCT
SGLT-2 reabsorbs 90% filtered glucose
⬆️glucose excreted in urine
SGLT-2 Inhibitors SE
UTIs
Thrush - Fournier’s gangrene
Polyuria
Volume depletion
Euglycaemic DKA
Canagliflozin - lower limb amputation
Pioglitazone (a thiazolidinedione) SE
Weight gain
Heart failure
Increased risk of bone #s
Small ⬆️R of bladder Ca
Thiazolidinediones MOA
Activates PPARy receptor
⬆️activity in cellular proteins involved in glucose uptake
⬆️insulin sensitivity
Sulphonylureas MOA
Bind to ATP-sensitive K+ channel
Close channel
Stop K+ leaving cell
Depolarisation
Insulin release
Sulphonylurea SE
Hypoglycaemia
⬇️K+
Erythema multiforme
Photosensitivity
Exfoliative dermatitis
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors MOA
e.g. acarbose
Inhibits intestinal a-glucosidases
Delays digestion and absorption of starch and sucrose
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors SE
e.g. acarbose
Malabsorption of carbohydrates
Diarrhoea
Flatulence
Abdo bloating
Sulphonylurea examples
Gliclazide
Glibenclamide
Meglitinides examples
Nateglinide
Repaglinide
Meglitinides MOA
Similar to sulphonylureas
Insulin secretion
Meglitinides SE
Hypoglycaemia (less likely than SUs)
Resp. Tracy infections
Headache
DDP-4 inhibitors examples
Sitagliptin
DDP-4 inhibitor MOA
Inhibit dipeptidylpeptidase-4
Stop breakdown of GLP-1
GLP-1 binds to GPCRs on β-cells
⬆️intracellular cAMP
⬆️intracellular Ca2+
Insulin exocytosis
DDP-4 SE
Headache
Nasopharyngitis
GLP-1 agonists examples
Liraglutide
Semaglutide
Dulaglutide
GLP-1 agonists MOA
⬆️insulin secretion
⬇️glucagon secretion
Slows gastric emptying
GLP-1 agonists SE
Pancreatitis
Wt loss
