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Drug interactions > Diabetic Drugs > Flashcards

Diabetic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Metformin SE

A

Lactic acidosis
Diarrhoea
Abdominal discomfort
Taste disturbance
⬇️B12

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2
Q

Biguanide examples

A

Metformin

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3
Q

Metformin MA

A

Disables mitochondrial resp chain in hepatocytes
|
V
Fatty acid oxidation
|
V
Decreased glucose production (glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis)

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4
Q

SGLT-2 Inhibitor Examples

A

-gliflozin

Empagliflozin
Canagliflozin
Dapagliflozin

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5
Q

SGLT-2 Inhibitors MA

A

Blocks Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 in PCT
SGLT-2 reabsorbs 90% filtered glucose
⬆️glucose excreted in urine

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6
Q

SGLT-2 Inhibitors SE

A

UTIs
Thrush - Fournier’s gangrene
Polyuria
Volume depletion
Euglycaemic DKA

Canagliflozin - lower limb amputation

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7
Q

Pioglitazone (a thiazolidinedione) SE

A

Weight gain
Heart failure
Increased risk of bone #s
Small ⬆️R of bladder Ca

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8
Q

Thiazolidinediones MOA

A

Activates PPARy receptor
⬆️activity in cellular proteins involved in glucose uptake
⬆️insulin sensitivity

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9
Q

Sulphonylureas MOA

A

Bind to ATP-sensitive K+ channel
Close channel
Stop K+ leaving cell
Depolarisation
Insulin release

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10
Q

Sulphonylurea SE

A

Hypoglycaemia
⬇️K+
Erythema multiforme
Photosensitivity
Exfoliative dermatitis

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11
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors MOA
e.g. acarbose

A

Inhibits intestinal a-glucosidases
Delays digestion and absorption of starch and sucrose

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12
Q

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors SE
e.g. acarbose

A

Malabsorption of carbohydrates
Diarrhoea
Flatulence
Abdo bloating

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13
Q

Sulphonylurea examples

A

Gliclazide
Glibenclamide

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14
Q

Meglitinides examples

A

Nateglinide
Repaglinide

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15
Q

Meglitinides MOA

A

Similar to sulphonylureas
Insulin secretion

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16
Q

Meglitinides SE

A

Hypoglycaemia (less likely than SUs)
Resp. Tracy infections
Headache

17
Q

DDP-4 inhibitors examples

A

Sitagliptin

18
Q

DDP-4 inhibitor MOA

A

Inhibit dipeptidylpeptidase-4
Stop breakdown of GLP-1
GLP-1 binds to GPCRs on β-cells
⬆️intracellular cAMP
⬆️intracellular Ca2+
Insulin exocytosis

19
Q

DDP-4 SE

A

Headache
Nasopharyngitis

20
Q

GLP-1 agonists examples

A

Liraglutide
Semaglutide
Dulaglutide

21
Q

GLP-1 agonists MOA

A

⬆️insulin secretion
⬇️glucagon secretion
Slows gastric emptying

22
Q

GLP-1 agonists SE

A

Pancreatitis
Wt loss

Drug interactions (13 decks)

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