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Drug interactions > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Aminoglycoside MOA

A

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit

Bacteriocidal

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2
Q

Aminoglycoside examples

A

Gentamicin
Streptomycin
Neomycin

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3
Q

Aminoglycoside SE

A

Neurotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity

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4
Q

Fluoroquinolone MOA

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting DNA gyrase

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5
Q

Fluoroquinolone SE

A

Tendinopathy and Achilles tendon rupture
Suicidality
Prolonged QTc
⬆️R aortic dissection

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6
Q

Fluoroquinolone examples

A

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin

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7
Q

Tetracycline MOA

A

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 30S ribosomal subunit

Inhibit binding of aminoacyl tRNA to acceptor site of mRNA —> peptide chain fails to grow

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8
Q

Tetracycline examples

A

Doxycycline

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9
Q

Tetracycline SE

A

Tooth discolouration
Photosensitivity
Hepatotoxicity
GI upset

avoid in <12y/o

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10
Q

Macrolide examples

A

Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin

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11
Q

Macrolide MOA

A

Inhibit protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit

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12
Q

Macrolide SE

A

GI upset
Prolonged QTc
CYP450 inhibitor

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13
Q

Cephalosporin examples

A

Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Ceftazidime
Cefepime

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14
Q

Cephalosporin MOA

A

B-lactam ring

Block crosslinking of peiptidoglycans in bacterial cell wall inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis

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15
Q

Cephalosporin SE

A

Hypersensitivity
C.diff (pseudomonas colitis)
Positive Coombs test

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16
Q

Clindamycin MOA

A

Binds to 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting protein synthesis

Lincosamide antibiotic

17
Q

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole MOA

A

Inhibits bacterial folate mechanism

TMP - prevents reduction of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate

SMX - inhibits conversion of p-aminobenzoic acid to dihydropteroate

18
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

Becomes reduced in anaerobic bacteria

Inhibits DNA synthesis

19
Q

Nitrofurantoin MOA

A

Damages bacterial DNA causing cell death

20
Q

Vancomycin MOA

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

21
Q

Carbapenem MOA

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

22
Q

Penicillin MOA

A

Competitively inhibit penicillin-binding proteins (e.g. DD-transpeptide)
⬇️
Weakens cell wall
⬇️
Influx of water into cell
⬇️
Cell lysis

B-lactam ring

23
Q

Penicillin SE

A

Hypersensitivity
C.diff

24
Q

Carbapenem SE

A

Hypersensitivity
C.diff (pseudomonas colitis)
Positive Coombs test

25
Q

Clindamycin SE

A

C.diff
QTc prolongation

26
Q

Nitrofurantoin SE

A

Pulmonary fibrosis
Peripheral neuropathy
Haemolytic anaemia in G6PD def.

CI in pregnancy

27
Q

Metronidazole SE

A

Disulfiram-like reactions (avoid alcohol)
Peripheral and optic neuropathy
Metallic taste
Dark urine
CYP450 inhibitor
Seizures/encephalopathy

28
Q

Trimethoprim SE

A

Folate def.
⬆️K+
Rash

CI in 1st trimester

29
Q

Vancomycin SE

A

Hypersensitivity
Red man syndrome
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity

30
Q

Vancomycin SE

A

Hypersensitivity
Red man syndrome
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity

Drug interactions (13 decks)

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