Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
1
Q
Type 1 DM
A
- absolute deficiency of insulin caused by autoimmune attack on beta cells in pancreas
- diagnosed in childhood
2
Q
Symptoms in Type 1
A
- polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia
- fatigue, weight loss, weakness
- hyperglycemia
- ketoacidosis
3
Q
Hyperglycemia
A
- high blood glucose level
- increased production of glucose in liver
- diminished peripheral utilization of glucose
4
Q
Ketoacidosis
A
- high blood ketone level
- increased mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue
- accelerated hepatic FA beta-oxidation
- synthesis of 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate
5
Q
Hypertriacylglycerolemia
A
- excess FAs converted to triacylglycerol
- causes increased VLDL levels
- chylomicrons synthesized by dietary lipids
6
Q
Treatment of Type 1
A
-exogenous insulin
7
Q
Type 2 DM
A
- combination of insulin resistance and dysfunctional beta cells
- develops gradually without obvious symptoms
- obesity, elderly, physically inactive, pregnant women
8
Q
Insulin resistance
A
- decreased ability of target cells to respond to insulin
- uncontrolled hepatic glucose production
9
Q
Insulin resistance + Obesity
A
- most common cause of Type 2 DM
- needs defect of beta cell to develop diabetes
- obesity-> compensating with high insulin secretion
10
Q
Dyslipidemia
A
- in liver
- FA> triacylglycerol> VLDL
- chylomicrons from dietary fats
- lipoprotein degradation los
- low HDL levels
11
Q
Treatment of Type 2 DM
A
- weight reduction
- exercise
- medical nutrition therapy
- insulin therapy
12
Q
Long term complications
A
macrovascular complication: stroke, cardiovascular disease
microvascular complication: retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy
