Diabetes and Obesity

Question 1

What is obesity?

Answer 1

Abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health

Question 2

How is obesity measured mainly?

Answer 2

Body mass index also known as BMI

Question 3

What is the BMI classification for adults who are underwieght?

Answer 3

Less than 18.5kg/m2

Question 4

What is the BMI classification for adults who are a healthy weight?

Answer 4

18.5 to 25kg/m2

Question 5

What is the BMI classification for adults who are overweight?

Answer 5

25 to 30kg/m2

Question 6

What is the BMI classification for adults who are obese?

Answer 6

More than 30kg/m2

Question 7

What does it mean for a child to have an over weight BMI?

Answer 7

Greater than 1 standard deviation above the WHO Growth Reference median

Question 8

What does it mean for a child to have an obese BMI?

Answer 8

Greater than 2 standard deviations above the WHO Growth Reference median

Question 9

Is BMI a good measure of obesity?

Answer 9

Only correlates with amount of total body fat

Question 10

What are some other measures of obesity?

Answer 10

Fat distribution

Total and fat distribution

Body composition

Question 11

What is fat distribution?

Answer 11

Body circumference and skin fold thickness

Question 12

What is total and fat distribution?

Answer 12

BIA

DXA

CT

MRI

Question 13

What is BIA?

Answer 13

Bioelectrical impedance analysis

Question 14

What is DXA?

Answer 14

Dual X-ray absorptiometry

Question 15

What is CT?

Answer 15

Computed tomography

Question 16

What is MRI?

Answer 16

Magnetic resonance imaging

Question 17

What is body composition?

Answer 17

Hydro densitometry

Air displacement

Plethysmography

Question 18

How have childhood obesity rates changed from 1975 to 2016?

Answer 18

Increased massively

Question 19

What causes obesity?

Answer 19

Energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories expended

Increased consumption of ‘energy-dense’ food and drink

Decrease in physical activity and increase in sedentary behaviour

Question 20

What are some examples of health problems associated with obesity?

Answer 20

Diabetes

Blood pressure

CVD

Asthma

Sleep Apnea

Question 21

What is diabetes?

Answer 21

Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot control blood sugar levels, because of problems with the hormone insulin.

Question 22

What is gestational diabetes?

Answer 22

High blood glucose that develops during pregnancy and usually disappears after giving birth

Question 23

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 23

An autoimmune condition

Question 24

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 24

Mainly lifestyle influenced

Question 25

When does gestational diabetes occur?

Answer 25

Most common in 2nd or 3rd trimester

Question 26

What are the gestational diabetes risk factors?

Answer 26

Obesity Previous birthweight over 4.5kg Previously had it Familial history Eithnicty

Question 27

Which ethnicity is gestational diabetes the highest risk in?

Answer 27

Asian Black African-Caribbean Middle Eastern

Question 28

What are some gestational diabetes consequences?

Answer 28

Macrosomia Premature delivery Pre-eclampsia Jaundice Type 2 diabetes in mother

Question 29

What is macrosmia?

Answer 29

High birth weight

Question 30

What can macrosomia lead to?

Answer 30

increased likelihood of induced labour or caesarean section

Question 31

What is the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 31

The immune system attacks the pancreatic ß cells that secrete insulin.

Question 32

What age is most affected by type 1 diabetes?

Answer 32

People under 40

Question 33

What is the treatment of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 33

Patients require insulin and blood glucose

Question 34

When is peak diagnosis age for type 1 diabetes?

Answer 34

Between 9 and 14 years old

Question 35

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 35

Exact cause is not known

Question 36

What are some potential risk factors for type 1 diabetes?

Answer 36

Genetics Family history Viruses Other environmental factors

Question 37

What are some consequences of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 37

Heart disease Nerve, kidney and eye damage Pregnancy complications

Question 38

What is the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 38

Chronic condition causing excess glucose in the blood.

Question 39

What is the treatment of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 39

Treatment of CVD risk factors Suggested to be reversible via weight loss

Question 40

What has happened to type 2 diabetes prevalence between 1980 and 2014?

Answer 40

Quadrupled

Question 41

What are the type 2 diabetes risk factors?

Answer 41

Genetic predisposition Ethnicity Increased age Previous gestational diabetes Energy dense diet Low physical activity Overweight

Question 42

What ethnicity has the highest risk of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 42

South Asians due to body fat distribution.

Question 43

What are the type 2 diabetes consequences?

Answer 43

Heart disease Nerve, kidney and eye damage Slow healing Hearing loss Skin conditions