Cancer Flashcards
Which cancers are the most common?
Breast
Lung
Prostate
Bowel
What age is cancer most common in?
In those 75 year old and over
What ethnicity is cancer most common in?
White and black males
White females
Which socio-economic group is cancer most common?
Most deprived areas
Why is there geographical variation in cancer incidence?
Ethnic differences
Environmental exposures
Lifestyle
Demographic factors
What does the distribution of cancer by type depend on?
Age
Gender
Personal characteristics
How do we know about cancer rates?
Deaths
Registration
Hospital series
What kind of investigations can be done into cancer distribution?
- Case-control
- Ecological
- Cohort studies
- Meta-analysis
What is the importance of cancer screening?
- Public health importance
- Detectability
- Benefit of early intervention
- Impact on epidemiology
Which gender is cancer relative risk higher in?
Girls
Why is cancer relative risk higher in girls?
Pregnancy exposure
X chromosome genes
Which childhood cancers are inherited?
Retinoblastomas
Li Fraumeni syndrome
What are the aetiological candidates for cancer in the environment?
Radiation
Population mobility
Occupational exposures
Infections
What happens when pregnant woman get x-rays?
Increased risk of leukaemia and solid tumours.
How does x-ray therapy increase the risk of cancer?
Increases risk of malignancy
(dose related)
