Diabetes

Question 1

Name the triad of symptoms typical in Diabetes Mellitus.

Answer 1

Weight loss
Polydypsia
Polyuria

Question 2

Outline treatment for type I.

Answer 2

Insulin injections and dietary modifications

Question 3

Outline the treatment for type II diabetes.

Answer 3

Diet
Metformin - Reduce gluconeogenesis
Sulphonylureas - increase insulin production and decrease insulin resistance.

Question 4

What will %glycated Hb be in healthy patients compared to poorly treated diabetics?

Answer 4

4-6% -> healthy

>10% -> poorly treated diabetics

Question 5

What are the symptoms of Metabolic Syndrome?

Answer 5

Glucose intolerance
Hypertension
Insulin resistance
Dyslipidaemia

Question 6

What must plasma glucose levels be in the different tests to diagnose diabetes?

Answer 6

Random test -> >11.1mM
Fasting glucose -> >7mM
OGTT -> 11.1mM

Question 7

Name some of the clinical complications of the eye that can result from diabetes.

Answer 7

Glaucoma
Cataracts
Retinopathy

Question 8

What are some criteria for diagnosis with metabolic syndrome?

Answer 8

W:H - men>0.9 women>0.85
BMI > 30
BP>140/90
TAGs> 1.7mM
HDL<0.9mM (men) <1mM (women)
Fasting glucose/ OGTT >7.8mmol/L