Diabetes Flashcards
____ is an elevation of serum lipid levels in the blood.
Hyperlipidemia
____ is a term referring to blood glucose.
Glycemic
____ is abnormally high levels of blood glucose.
Hyperglycemia
____ is a hormone secreted by the pancreas that increases blood glucose levels. Acts opposite of insulin. It causes the release of glucose from cell storage sites when levels are low.
Glucagon
____ is a term used to describe the early burst of insulin secretion that occurs within 10 minutes of eating and is followed by increasing insulin release as long as hyperglycemia is present.
Prandial (insulin secretion)
____ is the production of glycogen in the body.
Glycogenesis
____ is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose.
Glycogenolysis
____ is the conversion of fats to acids in the body.
Ketogenesis
____ is the conversion of proteins and amino acids to glucose in the body.
Gluconeogenesis
____ is the decomposition or splitting up of fat to provide fuel for energy when liver glucose is unavailable.
Lipolysis
____ is the breakdown of proteins to provide fuel for energy when liver glucose is unavailable.
Proteolysis
____ is frequent and excessive urination.
Polyuria
____ is excessive intake of water.
Polydipsia
____ is excessive eating.
Polyphagia
____ are substances, including acetone, that are produced as by-products of the incomplete metabolism of fatty acids. When insulin is not available, they accumulate in the blood and cause metabolic acidosis.
Ketones
____ is type of breathing that occurs when excess acids caused by the absence of insulin increase hydrogen ion and carbon dioxide levels in the blood. this state triggers an increase in the rate and depth of respiration in an attempt to excrete more carbon dioxide and acid.
Kussmal respiration
____ is a decreased serum potassium level; a common electrolyte imbalance.
Hypokalemia
____ is an elevated level of potassium in the blood.
Hyperkalemia
____ is a term that refers to large blood vessels.
Macrovascular
____ is a term referring to small blood vessels.
Microvascular
____ is a pathologic change in the kidney that reduces kidney function and leads to renal failure.
Nephropathy
____ is a type of chronic non-cancer pain that results from a nerve injury. (Burning, shooting, stabbing pain along with pins and needles.)
Neuropathic Pain
____ is the inflammation of the retina.
Retinopathy
____ is the presence of albumin in the urine.
Albuminuria
____ is a complication of diabetes. The abnormal appearance of retinal veins in which areas of swelling and constriction along a segment of vein resemble links of sausage. A predictor of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Venous Beading
____ is a form of retinopathy associated with diabetes mellitus in which a network of fragile new blood vessels develops, leaking blood and protein into surrounding tissue.
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
____ is a progressive deterioration of nerves that results in loss of nerve function (sensory perception). A common complication of diabetes.
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
____ is a decrease in blood pressure (20 mmHg sys and/or 20 mmHg dias) that occurs during the first few seconds to minutes after changing from a sitting or lying position to a standing position.
Orthostatic Hypotension
____ is the transient loss of consciousness, most commonly caused by decreased perfusion to the brain.
Syncope
____ is the delay in gastric emptying.
Gastroparesis
____ is the presence of very small amounts of albumin in the urine that are not measurable by a urine dipstick or usual urinalysis procedures.
Microalbuminuria
____ is an impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance.
Prediabetes
____ is a standardized test that measures how much glucose permanently attaches to the hemoglobin molecule. Reflects the average over a period of 2-3 months. “A1C” elves greater that 6.5% are diagnostic of diabetes mellitus.
Glycosylated Hemoglobin (A1C)
____ is a drug that has an increase risk for causing patient harm if given in error.
High-Alert Drugs
____ is chronic high blood insulin levels.
Hyperinsulinemia
____ is a chronic metabolic disease that affects glucose regulation.
Diabetes
____ transports and metabolizes glucose for energy, stimulates storage of glucose in the liver and muscle as glycogen, signals the liver to stop the release of glucose and enhances the storage of dietary fat in adipose tissue.
Insulin
Which type of diabetes does not produce insulin?
Type 1
Which type of diabetes doesn’t use insulin like it is suppose to?
Type 2
____ is the loss of fatty tissues.
Lipoatrophy
____ is abnormally low blood glucose.
Hypoglycemia
____ is caused by an absence of or inadequate amount of insulin resulting in abnormal metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and fat.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
____ is an increased blood osmolarity caused by Hyperglycemia and dehydration.
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State
