Cardiac Nurs. 241 Flashcards
____ is the name for the heart muscle.
Myocardium
____ is a protective covering of the heart.
Pericardium
____ is the back flow of blood into the atria.
Valvular regurgitation
____ is the amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle each minute. (Heart Rate x Stroke Volume)
Cardiac Output
____ is the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle during each contraction.
Stoke volume
Having a BMI of 25-30 means a person is ____.
Overweight
Having a BMI of 30 or greater means a person is ____.
Obese
____ is dyspnea that appears when he/she lies flat.
Orthopnea
____ is pain usually relieved by resting or lowering the affected extremity to decreases tissue demands or to enhance arterial blood flow.
Claudication
___ is the name for dusky redness color.
Rubor
____ is the term for S3.
Ventricular Gallop
____ is the term for S4
Atrial Gallop
____ causes muffled heart sounds and originates from the pericardial sac and occurs with the movements of the chart during the cardiac cycle.
Pericardial Friction Rub
____ is a myocardial muscle protein released into the bloodstream with injury to myocardial muscle.
Troponin
____ is an enzyme specific to cells of the brain, myocardium, and skeletal muscle. It appearance indicates tissue necrosis or injury.
Creatinine Kinase
____ is an invasive diagnostic procedure that involves fluoroscopy and the use of contrast media.
Angiography
aka
Arteriography
____ is an invasive procedure during which programmed electrical stimulation of the heart is used to cause and evaluate lethal dysrhythmias and conduction abnormalities.
EPS
Electrophysiologic Study
____ is a hr less than 60 bpm.
Bradycardia
____ is a hr more than 100 bpm.
Tachycardia
____ is any disorder of he heartbeat.
Dysrhythmia
____ is the name for the rhythm when the SA node discharge is more than 100 bpm.
Sinus Tach
____ is a nonsurgical intervention that provides a timed electrical stimulus to he heart when either the impulse initiation or the conduction system of the heart is defective.
Temporary pacing
____ induce vagal stimulation of the cardiac conduction system, specifically the SA and AV nodes.
Vagal maneuvers
____ is the most common dysrhythmia seen in clinical practice
A Fib
____ is a synchronized countershock that may be performed in emergencies for unstable ventricular or supra ventricular tachydysrhytmias or electively for stable tachydysrhythmias that are resistant to medical therapies.
Cardioversion
____ is an invasive procedure that may be used to destroy an irritable focus causing a supra ventricular or ventricular tachydysrythmia.
Radiofrequency catheter ablation
____ are also call remature ventricular contractions, result from increased irritability of ventricular cells and are seen as early ventricular complexes followed by a pause.
Premature ventricular complexes
____ is an asynchronous countershock, depolarizes a critical mass of myocardium simultaneously to stop the re-entry circuit, allowing the sinus node to regain control of the heart.
Defibrillation
____ is a general term for the inability of the heart to work effectively as a pump.
Heart Failure
____ is enlargement of the myocardium.
Myocardial hypertrophy
____ uses a permanent pacemaker alone or is combined with a n implantable cardioverter/defibrillator.
Biventricular pacing
aka
Cardiac resynchronization therapy
____ is the term for blackouts.
Syncope
____ occurs because the valvular leaflets enlarge and prolapse into the left atrium during systole.
Mitral valve prolapse
____usually results from rheumatic carditis, which can cause valve thickening by fibrosis and calcification.
Mitral Stenosis
In ____ the aortic valve orifice narrows and obstructs left ventricular outflow during systole.
Aortic Stenosis
____ is a microbial infection of the endocardium.
Infective Endocarditis
____ are black longitudinal lines or small read streaks that appear on the distal third of the nail beds.
Splinter hemorrhages
____ are pinpoint red spots.
Petechiae
____ is an inflammation or alteration of the pericardium.
Acute Pericarditis
____ occurs when chronic pericardial inflammation causes a fibrous thickening of the pericardium.
Chronic constrictive pericarditis
____ occurs when he space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium fills with fluid.
Pericardial Effusion
____ a serious condition of excessive fluid within the pericardial cavity.
Cardiac Tamponade
____ is a term for an enlarged heart.
Cardiomegaly
____ is a subacute or chronic disease of cardiac muscle, and the cause may be unknown.
Cardiomyopathy
____ is the structural abnormality most commonly seen.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
____ is the rarest of the cardiomyopathies, is characterized by stiff ventricles that restrict filing during diastole.
Restricitive Cardiomyopathy
____ is a thickening, or hardening of the arterial wall that is often associated with aging.
Arteriosclerosis
____ is a type of arteriosclerosis that involves the formation of plaque within the arterial wall and is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
Atherosclerosis
____ includes disorders that change the natural flow of blood through the arteries and tens of the peripheral circulation, causing decreased perfusion to body tissues.
PVD
____ is a pier of clot that travels and lodges in a new area
Embolus
____ is a permanent localized dilation of an artery which enlarges the artery to at least 2 times its normal diameter.
Aneurysm
____ is a blood clot believed to result from an endothelial injury, venous stasis, or hyper coagulability.
Thrombus
____ refers to a thrombus that is associated with inflammation.
Thrombophlebitis
____ is the most common type of thrombophlebitis.
DVT
____are dilated intradermal veins less than 1-3mm in diameter that are visible on eh skin surface.
Telangiectasias
aka
Spider Veins
____ are distended, protruding veins that pear darkened and tortuous.
Varicose Veins
____ is a widespread abnormal cellular metabolism that occurs when gas exchange with oxygenation and issue perfusion needs are not met sufficiently to maintain cell function.
Shock
____ is a widespread infection that triggers whole-body inflammation.
Sepsis
____ is a broad term that includes chronic stable angina and acute coronary syndromes.
CAD
____ is a term for necrosis or cell death.
Infarction
____ is a chest pain caused by a temporary imbalance between the coronary arteries’ ability to supple oxygen and the cardiac muscle’s demand for oxygen.
Angina pectoris
____ is chest discomfort that occurs with moderate to prolonged exertion in a pattern that is familiar to the pt.
Chronic stable angina
____ is used to describe its who have either unstable angina or an acute myocardial infarction.
Acute Coronary Syndrome
____ occurs when myocardial tissue is abruptly and severely deprived of oxygen.
Myocardial Infarction
____ is necrosis of more than 40% of the left ventricle occurs.
Cardiogenic Shock
____ is an infection of he mediastinum.
Mediastinitis
