115 Unit 7 Flashcards
____ is a basic component of health and is essential for normal growth and development, tissue maintenance and repair, cellular metabolism, and organ function.
Nutrition
____ is a chemical substance that provides nourishment and affects metabolic and nutritive processes.
Nutrients
____ are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Ar starches and sugars that are obtained mainly from plant foods, with the exception of lactose.
Carbohydrates
____ are the building blocks of proteins and are made of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogens.
Amino Acids
____ are the most important components of proteins in the human body and are essential for synthesis of body tissue in growth, maintenance, and repair.
Amino Acids
____ are compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol and acetone.
Lipids (fats)
____ are made up of triglycerides and fatty acids and are a source of energy, providing 9kcal/g.
Lipids
____ are organic substances resent in small amounts in foods and are essential for normal metabolism.
Vitamins
____ are inorganic elements that catalyze biochemical reactions.
Minerals
____ refers to all of the bodily biochemical and physiological processes.
Metabolism
Nutrients are converted into necessary substances for cell function through what?
Metabolism
2 basic types of metabolism.
Catabolism & Metabolism
____ is the production of more complex chemical substances by synthesis of nutrients needed to build or repair body tissue.
Anabolism
____ is the breakdown of body tissues into simpler substances.
Catabolism
The liver and muscles store glucose in the form of glycogen through what process?
Glycogenesis
____ is a process that converts glucose to fat for storage?
Lipogenesis
What is the process that breaks down fat and amino acids for conversion to glucose when energy needs exceed glycogen storage.
Gluconeogenesis
____ represents the energy needs of a person at rest after awakening.
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
____ is a calculation based on height and weight in children and adults that is a reliable indicator of body fat.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
____ is a systematic measurement of the size and makeup of the body using height and weight as the principal measures.
Anthropometry
____ refers to difficulty with swallowing.
Dysphagia
____ refers to difficulty with swallowing.
Dysphagia
____ refers to administration of nutrients and fluid into the stomach or intestinal tract via a feeding tube.
Enteral Nutrition
____ is the administration of a solution consisting of glucose, amino acids, minerals, electrolytes, trace elements, and vitamins through a peripheral or central venous catheter.
Parenteral Nutrition
____ is the use of specific nutritional therapies to treat an illness, injury, or condition.
Medical nutrition therapy
____ is information on each vitamin or mineral to reflect a range of minimum maximum amounts that avert deficiency or toxicity.
Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)
____ is a hollow tube inserted into the jejunum through the abdominal wall for administration of liquefied foods to patients who have a high risk of aspiration.
Jejunostomy tube
____ is a fatty acid in which some of he carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain are joined by double or triple bonds. Has only one or trible bond per molecule and are found as components of fats in such foods as fowls, almonds, pecans, cashews, peanuts and olive oil.
Monounsaturated Fatty Acid
____ is a fatty acid in which some of he carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain are joined by double or triple bonds. Has only one or trible bond per molecule and are found as components of fats in such foods as fowls, almonds, pecans, cashews, peanuts and olive oil.
Monounsaturated Fatty Acid
____ is a fatty acid that has two or more carbon double bonds.
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
____ is a fatty acid in which each carbon in the chain has an attached hydrogen atom.
Saturated fatty acid
____ is a fatty acid in which an unequal number of hydrogen atoms are attached and the carbon atoms at ache to each other with a double bond.
Unsaturated Fatty Acid
____ is the achievement of equal nitrogen input and output.
Nitrogen Balance
____ is the achievement of equal nitrogen input and output.
Nitrogen Balance
____ is the presence of bacteria in the urine.
Bacteriuria
____ is the introduction of a catheter into a body cavity or organ to inject or remove fluid.
Catheterization
____ painful urination resulting from bacterial infection of the bladder and obstructive conditions of the urethra.
Dysuria
____ is a receptacle for volume measurement.
Graduated Measuring Container
____ is an abnormal presence of blood in the urine.
Hematuria
____ is urination. the act of passing or expelling urine voluntarily through the urethra.
Micturition
____ is the presence in the urine of abnormally large quantities of protein, usually albumin.
Proteinuria
____ is the volume of fine remaining in the bladder after a normal voiding.
Residual Urine
____ is an artificially created opening between a body cavity and the body’s surface; for example a, colostomy, formed from apportion of the colon pulled through the abdominal wall.
Stoma
____ is a catheter surgically inserted through abdomen into bladder.
Suprapubic Catheter
____ is the diversion of urine away from a diseased or defective bladder through an artificial opening in the skin.
Ureterostomy
_____ is the receptacle for collecting urine.
Urinal
____ is the surgical diversion of the drainage of urine, such as a ureterostomy.
Urinary diversion
____ is the inability to control urination.
Urinary Incontinence
____ is the abnormal backward flow of urine.
Urinary Reflux
____ is the retention of urine in the bladder; condition frequently caused by a temporary loss of muscle function.
Urinary retention
____ is a receptacle for collecting urine that fits toilet.
Urinary Hat
____ is a device for measuring frequent and small amounts of urine from an indwelling urinary catheter system.
Urometer
____ is the presence of organisms in the bloodstream.
Urosepsis
____ is the process of urinating.
Voiding
____ can be a serious UTI caused by bacteria in the urine.
Bacteremia
____ is the irritation of the bladder characterized by urgency, frequency, incontinence, suprapubic tenderness, and foul-smelling, cloudy urine.
Cystitis
____ is an upper urinary tract infection.
Pyelonephritis
____ is a complete inability of the bladder to empty.
Postvoid residuals
____ are drugs that act to promote bowel evacuation.
Cathartics
____ is a portion of the large intestine from the cecum to the rectum
Colon
____ is a condition characterized by difficulty in passing stool or an infrequent passage of hard stool.
Constipation
____ is the passage of feces from the digestive tract through the rectum.
Defecation
____ is the increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces.
Diarrhea
____ is a procedure involving introduction of a solution into the rectum for cleansing or therapeutic purposes.
Enema
____ is the accumulation of hardened fecal material in the rectum or sigmoid colon.
Fecal impaction
____ is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus
Fecal Incontinence
____ measures microscopic amounts of blood in the feces.
Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)
____ is waste or excrement from the gastrointestinal tract.
Feces
____ is intestinal gas.
Flatus
____ is the permanent dilation and engorgement of veins within the lining of the rectum.
Hemorrhoids
____ are drugs that act to promote bowel evacuation.
Laxatives
____ is an abnormal black, sticky stool containing digested blood, indicative of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Melena
____ is a surgical procedure in which an opening is made into the abdominal wall to allow the passage of intestinal contents from the bowel (colostomy) or urine from the bladder (urostomy).
Ostomy
____ is the rhythmical contractions of the intestine that propel gastric contents through the length of the gastrointestinal tract.
Peristalsis
____ is a temporary cessation of peristalsis occurs.
Ileus
____ is defined as having fewer than 3 bowel movements per week.
Constipation
