Diabetes Flashcards
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
error in glucose metabolism
type 1: lack of insulin
type 2: insulin resistance
-lose water
-lose weight
-HIGH urine output
-fluid volume deficit
Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
NOT DM ( no glucose issues just fluids)
Low ADH causes polyuria, polydipsia leading to DEHYDRATION
-lose water
-lose weight
-HIGH urine output
-fluid volume deficit
SIADH
(Syndrome of inappropriate ADH)
Opposite of DI
oliguria and not thirst
-retain water
-gain weight
-LOW urine output
-fluid volume excess/overload
-decrease serum specific gravity
-increase urine specific gravity
Type 1 DM characteristics
insulin dependent
juvenile onset
ketosis prone
Type 2 DM characteristics
non-insulin dependent
adult onset
non-ketosis prone
S/sx of DM (3 Ps)
Polyuria- pee a lot
Polydipsia- thirsty
Polyphagia - swallowing a alot b/c of increased appetite
DM Type 1 treatment
if you dont treat they will DIE
Diet -least important, carb calories
Insulin - most important
Exercise
DM type 2 Tx
They are DOA
Diet (most important)
-calorie restriction (best/priority tx)
-6 feedings a day
Oral hypoglycemic
Activity
Insulin Types
Acts to lower blood sugar
1. R-regular
2. N-NPH
3. Lispro (Humalog)
4. Glargine (Lantus)
R-Regular insulin
1-2-4
-clear = solution
-IV drip
-onset: 1 hr
-peak: 2 hrs
-duration: 4 hrs
Pattern 1-2-4
N-NPH
6-8-10-12
-intermediate insulin
-cloudy = suspension
-N =not so clear, not so fast, not in the bag (cant give IV drip)
-onset: 6 hrs
-peak: 8-10 hrs
-duration: 12 hrs
Pattern 6-8-10-12
Lispro (Humalog)
15- 30 -3
-rapid/fastest acting insulin
-Give it with their meal (interrupt eating)
-onset: 15 min
-peak: 30 min
-duration: 3 hrs
pattern 15- 30 -3
Glargine (Lantus)
12-24
Long- acting insulin
NO PEAK
duration: 12-24 hrs
given safely at bedtime, littlerisk for hypoglycemia
Insulin Packaging
ALWAYS CHECK EXP DATE
-once open the new exp date is 30 days away
-label open package with the date it was opened & day it expires
-unopened MUST be refrigerated
-opened then refrigeration is optional
Exercise & Insulin
exercise is like a shot of insulin
increased exercise - decrease insulin dosage
decreased exercise - increase the insulin dosage
