DIABETE Flashcards
What is the normal range for blood glucose levels?
0.8 to 1.2 g/L despite intermittent intake
What cells in the pancreas are responsible for insulin production?
Beta cells of Langerhans
What is the function of glucagon?
Hyperglycemic agent
What is the primary definition of diabetes?
Chronic hyperglycemia due to an absolute or relative insulin deficiency
What constitutes a diabetic diagnosis?
Fasting blood glucose > 1.26 g/L or any time glucose > 2 g/L
What is the threshold for normal fasting blood glucose levels?
Less than 1.1 g/L
What is considered an abnormal glucose regulation?
Fasting glucose between 1.1 and 1.26 g/L
What percentage of the French population has Type 2 diabetes?
3%
What type of diabetes is characterized by insulin dependence?
Type 1 diabetes
What are common symptoms of Type 1 diabetes?
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Weight loss
What is the prevalence of Type 1 diabetes in France?
10%
What is a key characteristic of Type 2 diabetes?
Insulin resistance
What percentage of diabetes cases in France are Type 2?
90%
What is a major risk factor for Type 2 diabetes?
Obesity
What complications are often present at the diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes?
- Retinopathy
- Nephropathy
What is the main cause of death in Type 2 diabetes patients?
Coronary artery disease
What is the target blood pressure for diabetes patients to prevent complications?
130/80 mmHg
What are the acute complications of diabetes?
Diabetic comas
What is the treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis?
- IV fluids
- Potassium
- Insulin
- Glucose
What is the mode of action of Metformin?
- Increases insulin sensitivity
- Anorexigenic
- Inhibits gluconeogenesis
What is a possible risk associated with Metformin?
Lactic acidosis
What is the action of GLP-1 analogs?
Enhances insulin secretion
What are the types of insulin used in diabetes management?
- Ultra-rapid
- Rapid
- Intermediate
- Long-acting
What is the importance of glycemic control in diabetes?
Prevent complications
