Developmental Concepts

Question 1

What are the types of concepts?

Answer 1

Cephalocaudal
A-symmetric
flex/ext
mobility/stability
proximal/distal
gross/fine

Question 2

explain cephalocaudal.

it becomes foundation for what?

Answer 2

head control first then down to spine

control and free use of extremities

Question 3

symmetry is seen when?

when does it go away and when does it come back:?

Answer 3

At birth

2 months

comes back at 4
(need to assess then)

Question 4

Hand dominance occurs when?

Answer 4

4-6 y/o

Question 5

stages of antigravity control?

Answer 5

baby starts in flexion->
shifts head in rpone
balance f/e to use lateral flex/rotation

Question 6

Explain stability vs mobility in baby?

Answer 6

baby starts with stability (flexion) gains mobility of extremities and gains stability in new positions

Question 7

Distal component of extremity is fixed while proximal moving?

Answer 7

distal stability with proximal mobility..

vice versa

Question 8

Explain mass/discrete movement in babies

Answer 8

larger inefficient movement becomes more discrete.

Question 9

Total flexion and extension movements become refined so there are components of both flexion and extension

Answer 9

dissociation

Question 10

how does child first WB?

WS?

Answer 10

uses wide BOS

at first to face side which doesn’t let them reach.

Question 11

at first, baby transitions are in

Answer 11

straight plane and progress to moving with rotation.

Question 12

Developmental checklists usually determine ____ of motor skills .. why?

Answer 12

quantity

new skills don’t have good quality until later in practice.

Question 13

Things to assess in reflexes?

Answer 13

time of appearance
Testing Position
Stimulus
Normal Response
Abnormal Response.

Question 14

What is the flexor withdrawal

?

Answer 14

in supine, stimuli to foot.

there is uncontrolled flexion of leg with abd/ER

Question 15

What is positive supporting?

Answer 15

starts 32 weeks GA to 1-2 months.

while supported, able to keep contact with cocontraction of LE

Question 16

What is stepping reflex?

Answer 16

37 weeks GA to 2 months. weight supported.

wb and tilted forward, rhythmical stepping appears.

Question 17

What is palmar/plantar grasp?

Answer 17

supine. head midline.

pressure on palm or foot causes grasp.

Question 18

Explain Moro reflex.

Answer 18

semi reclined, baby drops head into 2-30 deg ext.

ABD/ext -> add/Flexion-> Crying

Question 19

explain ATNR

Answer 19

birth-2mo

with head rotation, there is extension on face side and flexion on skull side.

Question 20

explain STNR

Answer 20

emerges 4-6 mo.
in quaduped, with head ext= ext UE flex LE

head flex= flex UE, extend LE

Question 21

When is ATNR integrated?

STNR?

Answer 21

4-6 mo

10-12 mo

Question 22

Explain Tonic Labyrinthine

Answer 22

birth to 6 mo

extension in supine

flexion in prone.

Question 23

By 8 years, child should be able to inhibit _____

Answer 23

Associated reactions.

Question 24

What is neck righting?

Answer 24

in supine, infant will log roll to side of head rotation.

Question 25

What happens to primitive reflexes with time?

Answer 25

the are suppressed as child gains control.

with neuro damage, we see appearance of primitive reflexes.

Question 26

What 2 reflexes persist for life? and when do they begin?

Answer 26

Labyrinthine 32 wks

Optical Righting 1-2 mo

Question 27

When does proprioception arrive?

how about tactile visual?

Answer 27

P= 35 wks GA/birth to 2 mo

T+V= 3-4/5 mo for life.

Question 28

What happens with placing reflex?

Answer 28

involves proprioception/tactile/vision

stimulate dorsal and baby will life extremity/ adjust.

Question 29

When do Protective extensions emerge?

Answer 29

forward=6-7 mo
sideways 7-8 mo
backward 9-10 mo

Question 30

How do you test protective extension?

Answer 30

fast movement thru space toward surface..

ext/abd of UE with WB seen

Question 31

When does protective extension of LE appear?

whats it called?

Answer 31

15-18 months

staggering

Question 32

What happens with staggering.?

Answer 32

WS away from BOS causes protective movement of LE to restore balance.

Question 33

What is seen with tilting.equillibrium reaction?

Answer 33

Trunk concavity
ABD on uphill side
Protective reaction on downhill side (except sitting)

Question 34

When are tilting responses emerging?

Answer 34

Prone- 6 mo
sup and sit-7-8
quad- 9-12 mo
kneel-15 mo
stand-12-21 mo