Development and Structure, of the Reproductive System lecture 5 Flashcards
gonads develop in a __________________ position next to the dorsal body wall. they are derived from __________________.
1) RETROPERITONEAL (does not stay that way)
2) intermediate mesoderm
In the Developing Human Male: The gonad (testis) fights over the _______________ with the kidney, eventually taking it over.
mesonephric duct
Testis take over the mesonephric duct for itself, and it winds up becoming the spermatic duct, or ____________________.
DUCTUS DEFERENS
Mesonephric duct = ___________________ Paramesonephric duct = ________________
1) Wolffian duct 2) Mullerian duct
Male testes descend from their initially retroperitoneal position, through the body wall, into a pouch protruding from the body wall called the ___________
SCROTUM.
DESCENT OF THE TESTES causes Everything to get dragged along such as _____________, nerves, ____________. All of these together form a connection (“leash”) of testicular connections called the _______________.
1) ductus deferens 2) blood vessels 3) SPERMATIC CORD
As testes push through body wall, they carry with them all layers and a bit of coelomic space. The equivalents are:
- Skin: _______________
- Superficial fascia: ______________
- External oblique: ______________________
1) SCROTAL SAC
2) DARTOS MUSCLE
3) EXTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA
As testes push through body wall, they carry with them all layers and a bit of coelomic space. The equivalents are:
- Internal oblique: __________________
- Transversus abdominus: _________________
- Coelom + peritoneum: _______________
1) CREMASTER MUSCLE
2) INTERNAL SPERMATIC FASCIA
3) TUNICA VAGINALIS
Erectile tissue has _________________ on top of it
1) striated musculature
Gubernaculum are anchored to the _________ and outside of the body wall
Testes drag the body wall down into ___________
1) gonad
2) the scrotum
A smooth muscle that Sustain longer contractions and is responsible for Thermal regulation.
Dartos muscle
Parietal vaginal tunic = ________________
Visceral vaginal tunic = ________________
1) farther from testi
2) actually on the testi
WHY DESCEND???
Preserve male fertility – sperm must be kept a bit cooler than standard mammalian body temperature. Otherwise ____________________________________
they degenerate and lose motility.
•As the transitory stages of kidney degenerate, a ligament called the _______________ descends on each side of abdomen from inferior pole of gonad.
GUBERNACULUM (Guide the decent of the testes out of the abdominal body cavity )
- Gubernaculum passes obliquely through developing ant. abdominal wall at site of future inguinal canal and attaches at internal surface of labioscrotal swelling
- Gubernaculum is thought to guide descent of testes into scrotum, and ultimately anchors testis to scrotal wall.
__________________ is the future position of scrotum in males or labium majus in females.
Labioscrotal swelling
ENTRANCE INTO THE SCROTUM
Spermatic cord passes through opening to the scrotal pouch to reach the testis on each side.
- If it were a wide open hole, loops of the intestine could slip out there – with resulting damage to gut tube (constriction or strangulation) called ____________.
- This danger is guarded against by the opening being a very narrow slit called the _____________.
1) “HERNIATION” or HERNIA.
2) INGUINAL CANAL
Weakening of body wall musculature can result in a hernia
The testes “descend” and place the ductus deferens in a position just ______________ the ureter!!
ventral to (“in front of”)
Sperm are stored at the distal end of the old mesonephric duct…at the distal end of the ductus deferens.
This distal end bit that attaches to the testis is called the _______________ which is where ___________ occurs.
1) EPIDIDYMIS
2) tale attatchment
In the Developing Human Female:
A specialized collecting tube runs from the _________ to the embryonic cloaca.
- It is plastered over the ovary so that when an egg is shed from the ovary, it doesn’t ____________________.
- This collecting tube – the ____________________– is positioned just lateral to the mesonephric duct of the developing kidney.
1) ovary
2) escape into the coelom
3) PARAMESONEPHRIC DUCT
“Mesonephric duct degenerates
Paramesonephric duct is retained
The two come together and fuse”
- The caudal ends of the right and left paramesonephric ducts fuse near their entrance into the embryonic cloaca to become the ___________ AND ____________.
- The remaining unfused parts are then known as the UTERINE TUBES, SALPINX, or more commonly the _______________
1) UTERUS
2) VAGINA
3) FALLOPIAN TUBES.
Broad ligament is a single layer of ______________
serosa
is a connective tissue strap/band anchoring ovary to lateral uterine wall.
OVARIAN LIGAMENT
_______________________ is the remnant of the female gubernaculum connecting uterus to labia majora.
ROUND LIGAMENT OF THE UTERUS
_________________ is a Sheet of connective tissue supporting uterus laterally, as well as fallopian tube and ovary out to lateral body wall.
BROAD LIGAMENT
Mesometrium is connected to the __________
uterus
DESCENT” OF THE OVARY
- The ovary also descends, following a _____________, but it does not exit into an extra-abdominal position like the testes.
- It ends its descent just below rim of ______________ girdle.
- The ovary’s gubernaculum persists in the adult as a pair of fibrous cords that RUN THROUGH A ________________, and insert into the ____________ (round ligament of the uterus that anchors itself).
1) gubernaculum
2) bony pelvic
3) VESTIGAL INGUINAL CANAL
4) LABIA MAJORA
Round ligament of the uterus anchors itself
_____________ is a Derivative of the labial scrotal folds
labia majora
- the ________________ subdivides the cloaca into a rectum and a bladder.
- it also subdivided the cloacal opening to split off the urogenital opening from _____________.
- The urogenital opening is the more ventral of the two.
1) urorectal septum
2) the anus
- Recall the formation of the uterus from the midline fusion of the paramesonephric ducts (fallopian tubes).
- The space left for the opening ventral to the rectum is the ___________________.
- A midline outpocketing of the urogenital sinus grows dorsally toward uterus and forms a tubular _________.
- The vagina opens at its ________ end into the uterus and at its _________ end into the urethral part of the urogenital sinus.
1) UROGENITAL SINUS
2) VAGINA
3) dorsal
4) ventral
In Females there are THREE OPENINGS of the old cloaca:
(1) urethra
(2) vagina
(3) anus.
- Just above (cranial to) cloacal opening in human embryo is a small bump called the ______________.
- It forms from tissue of the ____________.
- It elongates and comes to hang over opening.
1) GENITAL TUBERCLE
2) cloacal rim
Specialized erectile tissue develops from ____________ in the tubercle as well as rim of urogenital opening.
•The specialized erectile tissues form as two masses on each side of the midline (total of four-4):
•Closer to midline: ________________.
•More laterally: ________________ (plural – crura).
1) mesoderm
2) right and left BULB
3) right and left CRUS
Bulbs of penis completely enclose ____________
Bulbs are internal in the _________
The male is crossing the midline and fusing – erectile tissue and bulbs
1) the urethra
2) female
Males have ________ columns of erectile tissue.
- Right and left bulbs fuse in the midline to form the ____________ in which surrounds the urethra.
- Urethra emerges out of tip of enlarged genital tubercle called the _______________.
- At its tip is the bulbous dilation that is the GLANS OF THE PENIS.
- Right and left crura remain independent and form the paired _______________.
- Right and left sides are bound to one another by ______________ (wrapping around everything like a banana peel).
1) three
2) CORPUS SPONGIOSUM
3) GLANS OF THE PENIS
4) CORPORA CAVERNOSA
5) TUNICA ALBUGINEA
Tunica albuginea stops the expansion but continues to pump blood in the erectile tissues which increases pressure making the penis rigid (erection) ,it only surrounds the ______________.
coupus cavernosa
- Females has a total of ____________ of erectile tissue
- Erectile tissue is present, but bulbs ___________ in midline and do not enlarge as much.
- They form separate masses of erectile tissue on either side of the vaginal opening - the BULBS OF THE VESTIBULE, which become the ______________.
1) 4 columns
2) do not fuse
3) LABIA MINORA
- the female urethra cannot be enclosed in the midline (as in the corpus spongiosum of the male)
- The tip end in the midline columns is the ___________.
- Similarly sensitive and homologous to glans of male.
1) CLITORIS
Bulbs of vestibule is a homologue of ______________
All of the erectile tissue will come together at the end forming the __________ – derivative of the genital tubercle.
Crura of the clitoris anchor (holds down) ________ in the female
1) corpus spongiosum
2) clitoris
3) the clit
Several glands develop as outpocketings of the inner wall of the _____________ (Most are better developed in males.)
urogenital sinus
Males
- _______________ is at the upper end of urethra in the male. Encircles urethral neck.
- _______________ is the outpocketing of ejaculatory duct.
- _______________ is in postpelvic body wall
1) PROSTATE GLAND (unpaired)
2) SEMINAL VESICLES (paired)
3) BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS (paired)
Females
____________________ secretes mucous fluids that serve as lubricants during copulation.
GREATER VESTIBULAR GLANDS
The _______________ (paired) passes through the prostate Gland inorder to connect to the urethra.
NOTE: Ductus defrens is also paired.
Ejaculatory Duct
The _______________ are sac-like pouches that attach to the vas deferens near the base of the bladder. The seminal vesicles produce a sugar-rich fluid (fructose) that provides sperm with a source of energy and helps with the sperms’ motility (ability to move). The fluid of the seminal vesicles makes up most of the volume of a man’s ejaculatory fluid, or ejaculate.
seminal vesicles
The ______________ is a walnut-sized structure that is located below the urinary bladder in front of the rectum. it contributes additional fluid to the ejaculate. Prostate fluids also help to nourish the sperm. The urethra, which carries the ejaculate to be expelled during orgasm, runs through the center of it.
prostate gland
The _______________, or Cowper’s glands, are pea-sized structures located on the sides of the urethra just below the prostate gland. These glands produce a clear, slippery fluid that empties directly into the urethra. This fluid serves to lubricate the urethra and to neutralize any acidity that may be present due to residual drops of urine in the urethra.
bulbourethral glands
MUSCULATURE OF PERINEAL REGION
•In both sexes, the mass of erectile tissue is overlain by a thin mass of specialized ___________________.
___________________ arises from ischium behind crus of penis or clitoris. Wraps around corpora cavernosa to insert on either side on tunica albuginea.
___________________ arises from central tendon (median raphe’) of the urogenital diaphragm and covers the bulb of the penis (males) or vestibular bulb (females).
1) hypaxial musculature
2) ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS MUSCLE
3) BULBOSPONGIOSUS MUSCLE
what does ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS MUSCLE and BULBOSPONGIOSUS MUSCLE do in Males
•____________________________________.
•____________________________________.
1) Maintain erection by constricting venous return of blood
2) Bulbospongiosus may contract to aid in ejaculation
what does ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS MUSCLE and BULBOSPONGIOSUS MUSCLE do in FeMales
•Possibly a sphincter-like function around ______________ in females.
vaginal opening
name the homologs
during the Descent of the Testes, they grab a bunch of ____________ and _____________ muscles
NOTE they all pass thru the _____________ making their way down to the scrotum, guided (not pulled) by the _____________
1) Ceolmic space
2) body wall
3) Inguinal canal
Dartos muscle (Superficial fascia) holds skin in the scrotum and helps it move, it also helps with _______________.
Tunica vaginalis = coelom + peritoneum
what is the function of coelom?
1)
2)
3)
1) reduce friction
2) allows movement
3) protictive mechanism
___________ muscle homologs to the (internal oblique) still has muscle fibers ( _________ muscle) . THE OTHERS DON’T HAVE MUSCLE FIBERS.
1) Cremaster
2) striated
The labial scrotal fold in males becomes the ___________ and in females ___________.
the gonad in females decend in the pelvic area.
1) scrotum where the gonads decend to
2) labia majora
the Guabernaculam anchors the __________.
and it later on becomes:
- Male - _____________
- Female - ______________
1) Scrotal ligament
2) Round ligament of the uterus
future position of scrotum in males or labium majora in females is the
1) Labioscrotal swelling ( labial scrotal fold)
when an ovary let’s an Egg out the _______________ captures it
fallopian tube
INFIRIOR part of the vagina is a diverticulum of the _______________.
urogenital sinus
OVARIAN LIGAMENT and ROUND LIGAMENT OF THE UTERUS and BROAD LIGAMENT are all ________________
true connective tissues
What 4 mesentaries makes up the Broad ligament?
All mesentaries are double folded
- MESOSALPINX
- MESOMETRIUM
- MESOVARIUM
- SUSPENSORY LIGAMENT OF THE OVARY
Suspensory ligament is where the __________ and ________ run thru
1) vessels
2) nerves
Round ligament of the uterus conncets ____________ to the ______________
1) labia majora
2) Uterus
The female reproductive tract joins the urogenital sinus which branches into the _______________ once it reaches the outside
urethra and vagina
The cloaca ( outgrowth of hingut) just like the urogenital sinus is derived from ____________
endoderm
Genital tubercle comes from the rim of the cloaca, forms ____________ structures.
the Genital tubercle becomes:
male- ________________
female- _____________
1) external genital
2) The glans of the penis
3) Clitoris
The crura extend to the ischial tuberosity, are attatched to the ________________.
corpora cavernosum
Male:
- Mesonephric duct stays and becomes ________________
- Paramesonephric duct goes away
Female:
- Mesonephric a goes away
- Paramesonephric stays and becomes ________________
1) Ductus deferens/Vas deferens
2) Fallopian tubes/Salpinx/uterine tube
