Develompment and Structure of the Exretory System 2

Question 1

the word __________ means kidney’s, or a part of it.

Answer 1

Nephron

Question 2

Kidneys are derived from __________________.

Answer 2

INTERMEDIATE MESODERM

Question 3

Kidney starts out as a __________ STRUCTURE.

Answer 3

SEGMENTAL

Question 4

Bladder, as part of the embryonic ___________ derived from __________.

Answer 4

1 ) gut tube lining 2) endoderm

Question 5

kidney’s are for _________ NOT __________.

Answer 5

1 ) EXCRETION (urine removal from the body) 2) ELIMINATION (Defecation, removal of solid waste)

Question 6

There is a segment of intermediate mesoderm for every _____________.

Answer 6

body segment

Question 7

The Earliest kidney appears in the cervical region of the body! (About week 3.) is called the ____________.

Answer 7

PRONEPHROS

Question 8

we have Kidney segments from our cervical to _________ region that we use all the time.

Answer 8

sacral

Question 9

Pronephros Develop very close to the_______. (They battle it out for the nearby ducts)

Answer 9

gonads

Question 10

Pronephros Has NO_________________.

Answer 10

EXCRETORY FUNCTION

Question 11

THE PRONEPHROS Functions to INDUCE DEVELOPMENT of middle segments of intermediate meosderm called ____________

Answer 11

MESONEPHROS

Question 12

the duct that attaches to the mesonephros is called the ______________ is very important in INDUCING DEVELOPMENT OF THE CAUDAL KIDNEY SEGMENTS called ____________

Answer 12

1) MESONEPHRIC DUCT 2)METANEPHROS

Question 13

The Mesonephric Duct is derived from ____________, it also heads towards the _________.

Answer 13

1) Mesoderm 2)bladder

Question 14

METANEPHROS becomes the

Answer 14

Kidney that functions in us after birth

Question 15

Pronephros is the kidney that starts in our neck, it induces (cause it to rise) the middle region known as ______________ which induces the back region known as ___________.

Answer 15

1) Mesonephros 2)Metanephros

Question 16

Induction is very important in _____________ process.

Answer 16

developmental

Question 17

__________________ reaches all the way to end of gut tube (cloaca).

Answer 17

Mesonephric Duct

Question 18

The mesonephric Duct connects to the ___________ and it is needed to induce the __________.

Answer 18

1 )Bladder 2)Ureter (but it does not become the ureter)

Question 19

A new tube grows from the ___________ to the ___________ ureter.

Answer 19

1) Bladder 2)Metanephros

Question 20

The mesonephric Duct becomes the sperm duct in men known as _______________

Answer 20

Ductus or vas deferens

Question 21

the __________ is the exit from the bladder

Answer 21

Urethra

Question 22

After the ________________ attaches to cloaca, the embryonic URETER grows from ______________ to attach to mass of metanephric kidney.

Answer 22

1) mesonephric duct 2)caudal to cranial

Question 23

Allantois is a big sac that leads to the belly button out of the ______________

Answer 23

umbilical tube

Question 24

“The fetus starts metabolizing right away” what does that mean?

Answer 24

fetus starts making cellular waste that gets passed down to the mother thru the placenta.

Question 25

the ____________ connects the bladder to the allantois

Answer 25

Urachus

Question 26

Kidney’s are ___________ so they are sliding up the back body wall. while the bladder is ____________.

Answer 26

1) Retroperitoneal 2)intraperitoneal

Question 27

the sperm tube is ________ to the ureter

Answer 27

ventral

Question 28

the _____________, grows between the more dorsal part of the gut tube and the more ventral part that will become the bladder.

Answer 28

URORECTAL SEPTUM

Question 29

like the heart, and the lungs, __________ is ventral to your gut tube.

Answer 29

the bladder

Question 30

Kidneys don’t stay at caudal end of body. They “_________” to a position just caudal to diaphragm and liver.

Answer 30

ascend

Question 31

the action of the kidney’s rising is called

Answer 31

ASCENT OF THE KIDNEYS

Question 32

________ kidney is a bit lower due to mass of liver.

Answer 32

Right

Question 33

kidney’s work their way up by attaching to successive segmental arteries. what is the last artery they attach to called?

Answer 33

the renal artery

Question 34

while our kidney’s __________, gonad’s (testicles) _________.

Answer 34

1) Ascend 2)Decend

Question 35

where are the adrenal glands (also known as the supernal glands) located?

Answer 35

ventral to the Kidney’s (above them)

Question 36

In the kidney’s Large vessels are usually ventral to ____________

Answer 36

ureter exit.

Question 37

(They do move a reasonable amount when you breathe. – This is why they can REALLY hurt when they have problems. Retroperitoneal pain can be extreme.) “NOT A QUESTION”

Answer 37

(They do move a reasonable amount when you breathe. – This is why they can REALLY hurt when they have problems. Retroperitoneal pain can be extreme.)

Question 38

where are the arrows pointing to?

Answer 38

1) top Outer CORTEX
2) bottom Inner MEDULLA

Question 39

URETER runs from kidneys to ___________.

Answer 39

urinary bladder

Question 40

Ureter ends in a dilated _______________.

Answer 40

RENAL PELVIS

Question 41

Renal pelvis branches into structures called the ___________

Answer 41

MAJOR CALYCES

Question 42

Major calyces divided into ______________.

Answer 42

MINOR CALYCES

Question 43

Minor calyces receive __________ from many microscopic collecting tubules.

Answer 43

fluid outflow (urine)

Question 44

NEUROVASCULAR SUMMARY

Kidneys (and superior ureter)

Arterial Supply: _____________

Venous Drainage: ______________

Answer 44

1) Renal artery
2) Renal vein

Question 45

NEUROVASCULAR SUMMARY

Kidneys (and superior ureter)

Sympathetic Innervation/Levels: ______________________________________

Sympathetic Preganglionic and Postganglionic Synapse: _____________________

Parasympathetic Innervation: __________________

Answer 45

1) T5-T9 & T10-T11. carried mainly by the greater splanchnic nerve, although some of it may be carried by the lesser splanchnic nerve.
2) This is preganglionic sympathetic innervation and synapse occurs in the celiac ganglion.
3) There is no significant parasympathetic innervation.

Question 46

THE BLADDER is ___________ in shape.

Answer 46

tetrahedron

Question 47

the bladder has
•_____ ATTACHMENTS - one at each corner.
•One corner lies at top edge of pubic symphysis (here, vestigal ________ holds it down)
•Right and left _________ dump in cranio-dorsally.
•URETHRA exits caudally (inferiorly).

Answer 47

1) 4
2) URACHUS
3) URETERS
4) URETHRA

Question 48

The triangle defined by the connection of the two ureters and the exit of the urethra is NOT ELASTIC. It is known as the _________________.

Answer 48

TRIGONE OF THE BLADDER

Question 49

The __________ closes at birth

Answer 49

Urachus

Question 50

The bladder is lined by a special type of epithelium called _________________

Answer 50

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM (it’s stretchy).

Question 51

URETER ATTACHMENT

• Traverse the bladder obliquely.
• So, when bladder is full, they get ___________.
• There is no valve, but this passive closing prevents ________________

Answer 51

1) squeezed flat
2) urine from backing up into the kidneys.

Question 52

NEUROVASCULAR SUMMARY

Bladder (and inferior ureter)

Arterial Supply: _____________________________________________

Venous Drainage: _____________________________________________

Answer 52

1) Superior and inferior vesicle arteries (branches of internal iliac artery).
2) Superior and inferior vesicle veins (tributaries of internal iliac vein).

Question 53

NEUROVASCULAR SUMMARY

Bladder (and inferior ureter)

Sympathetic Innervation/Levels: ___________________________

Sympathetic Preganglionic and Postganglionic Synapse: __________________

Parasympathetic Innervation: ________________________________

Answer 53

1) T12 via least splanchnic nerve.
2) in inferior mesenteric ganglion and plexus.
3) Sacral outflow (S2-4) via pelvic nerves.

Question 54

embryos produce 4 extraembryonic membranes which are:

Answer 54

1) amnion
2) yolk sac
3) chorion
4) allantois