dev wk 5 Flashcards
perception:
process of organizing and interpreting sensory information abput the objects, events and spatial layout of our surrounding world
sensation
refers to processing basic information from the external world by the sensory receptors in the sense organs and the brain
preferential looking
involves showing two stimuli to an infant to see if the infant has a preference for one or the other
habituation
involves repeatedly presenting an infant with a stimulus until the response declines (gets bored).
If a novel stimulus is presented and response increases, the researchers conclude the baby can discriminate between the two stimuli
visual acuity
sharpness of visual discrimination
The sharpness of infants’ visual discrimination develops so rapidly that it
approaches that of adults by age ___ months and reaches full adult acuity by
___years of age
8
6
contrast sensitivity
(the ability to detect
differences in light and dark
areas)
Very young infants (up to _______ months) prefer to look at
patterns of high visual
contrast because they have
poor contrast sensitivity because …
2 months
the cones
(light-receptors) of the eye,
which are concentrated in
the fovea (the central
region of the retina), differ
from adults’ in size, shape,
and spacing
(cone cells for colour)
Very young infants have limited colour vision,
although by_______ to _____ of age their colour vision is
similar to that of adults’ (Kellman & Arterberry, 2006
2-3 months
Scanning
One-month-olds (a) scan the
______of shapes, while
two-month-olds (b) scan
both the ________of shapes (Maurer
& Salapatek, 1976)
perimeters
perimeters and the
interiors
Tracking
Although infants begin scanning the environment right away,
they cannot track even slowly moving objects smoothly until
___ to____ of age (Aslin, 1981)
2 to 3 months
From birth, infants are drawn to faces
because of a general bias toward
….
configurations with more elements in the
upper half than in the lower half
Two-month-old infants can analyze and integrate
separate elements of a visual display into a coherent
pattern
– When you look at this figure, you
no doubt see a square—what is
called a subjective contour,
because it does not actually exist
– __________ olds also see the
overall pattern here and detect
the illusory square (Bertenthal et
al., 1980)
Seven-month-olds
Infants (as young as ___ month) ___ to optical expansion, a
depth cue in which an object
occludes increasingly more of the
background, indicating that the
object is approaching
1 month
respond
Despite the fact that even
newborns can recognize twodimensional versions of threedimensional objects, children
must come to understand their
symbolic nature
* Before they reach about ________ age and have
substantial experience with
pictures, infants and toddlers
attempt to treat pictures as
though they were real objects
(DeLoache et al, 1998)
19
months of age
eat picture of cake