dev wk 11 Flashcards
3 ASPECTS OF EMOTIONS
1) physiological response
2) Cognition, subjective conscious experience, own cognitive interpretation of physiological response
3) Behaviour, overt expression of emotions
Discrete emotions theory
Tomkins and Izard argue that
Emotions are innate and distinct from one another from very early in life
each emotion is packaged with a specific and distinctive set of bodily and facial reactions
the functionalist approach to emotion
Campos et al, Saarni et al
- emotions are not distinct from one another in early life and the environment influences emotional development
-the basic function of emotions is to promote action towards achieving a goal
Social smiles are ….
and first emerge at what age
White 1985
directed towards people
6-7 weeks of age
after about __ or ___ mnths of age, children start to laugh aswell as smile during veriety of activities
3 or 4
at about ___ months, infants start to smile primarily at familiar people than strangers
7
negative emotions in infants are difficult to interpret .
It has been suggested that young infants are experiencing ________ ________ when they evidence negative emotion and that anger and distress/pain are not differentiated in most contexts
undifferentiated distress
the first clear signs of fear emerge ____ old, when ….
6 or 7 mnths old
when unfamiliar people no longer provide comfort or pleasure similar to that provided by familiar people
Anger is more likely to be distinct from other emotions by ____ to _____ months
4-8 months
during their 2nd year when they have more control over thier environments , children usually show anger when
control is taken away or when they get frustrated
in children, sadness is often shown in the same situations as ___
anger
though less frequently
Self-conscious emotions are_____
often emerge during ____ yr of life
feelings that relate to out sense of self e.g. guild, shame, embarrassment, pride
2nd
what age is embarrassment felt.
what situation usually
15-24 months
when are made centre of attention
what age is pride felt
3 yrs, increasingly tied to level of performance
guilt is assoicated with
involves feelings of…
empathy for others
remorse, regret, desire to make ammends
shame is unrelated to
concern about others
involves a desire to hide and be less conspicuous
what parents say to children after doing something bad usually determines whether the child experiences guilt or shame e.g:
guilt = you did a bad thing
shame = you’re a bad boy/girl
By__ - ___months, infants can distinguish certain emotional
expressions such as happiness and surprise
4-7
By ~8 to ….. months, children start using social referencing
to read others’ facial, gestural, or vocal cues to decide
how to deal with novel or ambiguous situations (Saarni
et al., 1998)
8-12
Borke (1971) showed that __-year-olds can identify
happy situations in stories (e.g., having a birthday
party), but were less accurate in identifying sad
situations (e.g., losing a pet) until age
2-
4
By age 4-___-___, children’s explanations for why peers
experience negative emotions (e.g., being teased or
losing a toy) are somewhat similar to those of adults
(Fabes et al., 1988)
4-6
Display rules
A social group’s informal norms about when, where and
how much one should display emotions, and when and
where one should suppress/ mask them
– May be facial displays (monitor, falsify and inhibit facial
expressions) or verbal displays (monitor, falsify and inhibit
speech)
2 types of display rules
-Prosocial display rules are used to protect another’s
feelings (e.g., pretending to like someone’s cooking when
you do not)
- Self-protective display rules are used for personal gain
(e.g., pretending not to be bothered by losing a race)
what did * Gnepp and Hess (1986) find about developing display rules
Use of display rules increased
up to 5th grade (age 9)
* Children’s understanding was
greater for verbal display rules
than for facial display rules
* Children also understood
prosocial display rules better
than self-protective display
rules
