Dev wk 2 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q

Primary intersubjectivity

A

During first months, babies pay a lot of attention to faces, eye contact,
produce vocalisations, imitate sounds and facial gestures. One at a time interactions.

(babies probs not trying to communicate)

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3
Q

secondary intersubjectivity

A

Older infants (around 9 months): more sophisticated, pointing, turn taking, shared attention.

(probably babies trying to communicate)

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4
Q

during primary intersubjectivity, how do caregivers and infants share experiences

A

in face to face interactions.

but these interactions are dyadic. (baby and caregiver, baby and object)

  • no assumption of perspective of others.
  • These interactions are not intentional
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5
Q

in early socialisation, do 6mnth old babies interpret gazing as information?
what are the conditions necessary

A

yes. Only follow the gaze if preceded by mutual eye gaze

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6
Q

Secondary intersubjectivity

how do caregiver and infant share experiences

A

interactions start to become triadic (the infant and caregiver interacting together with a toy; social referencing)

Interactions become intentional, and infants start to assume that others have their own perspective

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7
Q

what are some research evidence that infants cooridnate emotional response with another person

secondary intersubjectivity

A

Still face experiment
- parent freezes, stops responding
- interaction breaks down
- child attempts to repair the interaction (social engagement cues)

Visual cliff example.
- to test depth perception. baby placed on glass that goes over acliff edge.
- infants will look at the parent for an emotional cue on how to respond

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8
Q

beginnings of intentional communication from the infant is signalled by

i.e these are the signs we know they are beggining to intentionally communicate

A
  • use of eye contact/pointing to direct others attention
  • Consistent use of vocalisation to indicate specific goal.
  • evidence of child waiting for a response
  • persistence if understood
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9
Q

at what age can children control turn taking in language

what are the problems with studying this

A

3rd year

in the early stages, the caregiver ensures a smooth interaction between speakers

Difficult to establish exactly when mutually intentional e.g. difficult to know childs intentions

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10
Q

Turn taking (speaking) in early development

A

young infants (from around 3 mnths) alternate vocalisations with their caregivers.

By 12 month, very few overlaps between ‘speakers’

proto conversation - similarities between turn taking in early vocalisations and later conversation.

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11
Q

types of joint attention

A

sharing
following
directing attention

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12
Q

what age do children look to adults in unfamilliar or threatening situations to gauge emotional response

A

9 months

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13
Q

why is joint attention useful for language dev

A

Topic comment
caregiver talks ab object of joint attention

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14
Q

sharing attention.

is it usually just by chance that caregiver and child share attention of the same object

A

No. during first year, mothers constantly monitor the child’s line of regard.

when childs attention shifts , mother attempts to regain attention

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15
Q

mothers sensitivity to childs focus of attention is linked to

A

child’s vocabulary development

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16
Q

Joint attention - Following points.

at which ages to children respond in which way to pointing

A

9 months : can follow points in front of another person

12 months: begin to check back with pointer

14 months: follows a point across the line of sight

17
Q

at what age do infants turn to follow an adults gaze and share a point of attention

18
Q

Infants aren’t
tracking the
GAZE
specifically until
around which age?

(Corkum
& Moore,
1995; Moore &
Corkum, 1998).

A

18
months

they follow the head turn

19
Q

12-month-olds
will follow a head
turn….________
* 14-month-olds
will only follow
when the eyes
are _____
(Brooks and
Meltzoff, 2002)

A

even if the
person is
blindfolded!

visible

20
Q

But, 12-motholds will gaze
follow if the
partner has their
eyes _____, but
not if the eyes
are ____!

A

open

closed

21
Q

Infants follow
gaze …. (Moll &
Tomasello,
2004)

A

behind
barriers

22
Q

do infants understanding communicative intentions study

what was it

what was the intetresting finding

A

Behne studied whether14, 18 and 24 month olds will follow a helpers point.
do they understand there is a shared goal of finding the toy?

infants follow both point and gaze

special condition where experimenter looked to the side while pointing. babies don’t look there. (non-communicative point)

23
Q

Imperative vs declarative pointing

by 9 months a child does what. by 18 a child does what

A

imperative - to get adult to do smth
declarative- direct adult’s attention to something

9 - points, then checks mothers line of regard

18 - checks mothers line of regarrd before pointing

24
Q

Criticisms of joint attention : directing attention

types of points

A

intention may not be to communicate.

e.g. imperative : children learn that if she points, she gets what she wants

Declarative: infant learns she gets more attention by pointing at things
BUT
12 mnth olds indicate when adult retrieves wrong object. respond negatively

25
what is the main question of gaze following in infants
Do infants understand that when someone alters their gaze, it is because they see smth interesting