cog wk 10 LO :)

Question 1

Contrast the idea of basic emotions with the dimensional view

Answer 1

There are basic universal emotions versus the idea that emotions could be located anywhere on a continuous two-dimensional scale consisting of arousal and valence (how good does it feel)

Question 2

Explain how the Iowa Gambling Task works and what it shows

Answer 2

Four decks of cards with different payoffs (two decks of cards objectively better). Participants learn to select the best decks. Links emotion, bodily states and decision-making.

Question 3

Describe the somatic marker hypothesis and the roles of the different brain regions

Answer 3

Suggests subconscious physiological changes influence our decision-making with Amygdala encoding emotional responses to outcomes and the VMPFC involved in the reactivation of somatic states

Question 4

4 Explain the critiques of the Iowa Gambling Task

Answer 4

1. Somatic cues not necessary. (patients with PAF (no phsiologocal reaction to stress) do better)
2. Somatic cues may not signal outcomes: Confound of variance in reward.
3. No need to posit unconscious knowledge.
   e.g. gave more in depth, controlled questions. based on what p.p have actually seen. Found, able to understand from very early what is going on, but are still exploring
4. Patient data can be explained via deficient reversal learning.
   e.g. one loss after 9 wins. would be hard to unlearn association between the wins and the deck after one loss.

Question 5

james lange view of emotion

Answer 5

• stimulus
• percept
• phsiological changes
• emotion

Question 6

evidence that physiological change is not the only contributor of emotion

Answer 6

• machine learning cannot predict emotion felt based from phsiological response.
• people’s awareness of an adrenaline shots effects will have different emotions than those unaware.

so.. more likely to be a top-down processing involved

Question 7

lesions to the amygdala cause what in emotion

Answer 7

• reduced feat conditioning
• lack enhanced memory for emotional components of narrative

Question 8

vmpfc + emotion

Answer 8

no elevated scr for emotional stimuli with social significance

more likely to overcome emotional response during moral dilemma

heightened emotional reactivity (irritable) and hypoemotionality (withdrawn socially)

may lead to poor real world decision making

Question 9

what do patients with vmpfc damage show in the iowa gambling task

Answer 9

they just ocilate between the decls. don’t work out that C and D are better

Question 10

what do patients with vmpfc damage show in the iowa gambling task in terms if their Skin Conductance response

Answer 10

Anticipatory SCR - vmPFC don’t show arousal before A and B (the bad decks). #

Reward and punishment reaction seems to be in tact

Question 11

how do patients with amygdala lesion respond to reward and punishment in iowa gambling task in terms of SCR

Answer 11

they don’t respond

amygdala encodes reaction

considering drawing from that deck again. vmpfc recalls that emotional state to influence decision making

Question 12

somatic marker hypothesis

Answer 12

somatic marker hypothesis

considering 4 decks

2 process, conscious (retrieve facts) and unconscious (retrieve emotions, dispositions)

amygdala encodes these reactions

vmPFC responsible for reactivation of these somatic states.

unconscious activation influences reasoning, leading to decision.

Question 13

Somatic cues may not signal outcomes: Confound of variance in reward.

Answer 13

range of values is smaller for good decks, bigger for good decks. changed it so bad decks are more variable. more SCR (anticipation) around good decks than bad decks, but good decks still chosen more

so, SCR may indicate variability rather than profitability