dev wk 1

Question 2

phonology

Answer 2

language is compromised of small units that are combined

Study of language composition

Question 3

semantics

Answer 3

language conveys meaning

Question 4

what does it mean by language is generative

Answer 4

there is a finite of units we can use in speech but we can organise and swap to make infinite unique meanings

Question 5

phonemes

Answer 5

perceptually distinct units of sound in a language that distinguish one word from another

languages differ in the sounds they use as phonemes

Question 6

syntax

Answer 6

rules about how words go together to form sentances

Question 7

what is prosody of language

Answer 7

the underlying musicality . pattern of stress and intonation. infants are sensitive to this

Question 8

the foetal auditory system is _____functioning during the last trimester.

Answer 8

fully

Question 9

newborns : (true or false)

1* prefer their own mothers voice
2* prefer their native language compared to a foreign language
3* discriminate languages with similar prosody
4* cry with an accent

Answer 9

1) T
2) T
3) False. they discriminate only languages with different prosody
4) T

Question 10

what is interesting about a children’s “babbling” in development - in terms of phonemes

Answer 10

initially a wide range of sounds (phonemes).

In first year, move towards producing only sounds of target language

Question 11

Finding words.

infants can segment words from their language at approx which age.

which age can they not

Answer 11

approx 7.5 months, but not 6 months

Question 12

Between which two months do infants ability to distinguish sounds from non target language systematically decrease and ability to distinguish target language sounds increase.

Answer 12

between 7 and 11 months

Question 13

How do infants segment words syllables

what age has this been found to happen

Answer 13

Because syllables that co-occur often are likely part of the same word.

e.g. happy baby
ha is often followed by pee
pee is not often followed by bay

8 months

Question 14

properties of infant directed speech (IDS)

Answer 14

• Higher Pitched
• slower speaking rate
• Important words generally at the end and are exaggerated more
• The boundaries between phrases are enhanced, making it easier to segment speech.
• Infants prefer to listen to IDS and interact with people who use IDS
• More attentive around IDS

Question 15

how does IDS impact infants speech segmentation

Answer 15

better segmentation with IDS

Question 16

What factors aid an infants word segmentation

Answer 16

• prosody, IDS
• statistics, co-occurring syllables
• Frequency

Question 17

How does frequency aid with word segmentation in infants

Answer 17

highly frequent salient words (e.g. mummy, childs name)

• highly frequent linguistic words e.g. the, he/she

These words act as an anchor
identifying a words speech stream = identify a boundary

Question 18

research support for frequency aiding word segmentation

Answer 18

Highly familiar words help 6 months segment words,

e.g. baby Hannah recognised words next to hannah in a sentence.

This word segmentation is usually not present in 6 mnth olds.

Question 19

how do the order of function and articles in their language impact word organisation

Answer 19

in english, function words tend to go before (articles, pronouns, prepositions)
e.g. An apple

But not in all languages.

in Japanese, this is the opposite.

So, japanese infants would tend to organise word segments as having the common sound (representing the function words such as articles that are common in language) at the end of a made up segment.

Whereas English would organise it before