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APC > Design economics > Flashcards

Design economics Flashcards

1
Q

What information is typically required for an OCE?

A
  • Site information (Location, restrictions, use)
  • Building information (Use, size, spec)
  • Enabling works/decanting
  • Programme
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2
Q

What are the methods of producing an OCE?

A
  • Floor area method
  • Functional unit method
  • Elemental method
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3
Q

What is the elemental method of producing an OCE?

A

Using rates and quantities from other similar projects

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4
Q

What components make up an OCE?

A
  • Measured works
  • Prelims
  • OH&P
  • Fees
  • Risks
  • Inflation
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5
Q

How do you calculate Tender Inflation?

A

Inflation from the base date of your estimate to the date of tender receipt

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6
Q

How do you calculate Construction Inflation?

A

Inflation from the date of tender return to the midpoint of construction

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7
Q

Why is construction inflation taken to the programme midpoint?

A

This should account for inflation on materials procured throughout the programme, but may need to be amended if large items such as plant are procured towards the very start/end of the project

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8
Q

What are the types of cost plan?

A
  • Stage 0: Rough OCE
  • Stage 1: OCE
  • Stage 2: Formal Cost Plan 1
  • Stage 3: Formal Cost Plan 2
  • Stage 4: Formal Cost Plan 3/Pre-Tender Estimate
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9
Q

Whats the difference between Whole Life Costing and Life Cycle Costing?

A
  • LCC is cradle to grave
  • WLC is LCC and other non-construction cost
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10
Q

What ratios can affect construction cost and why?

A
  • Wall to floor (inefficient floor area using an expensive facade)
  • NIA to GIA (wasted sellable space)
  • Ceiling Height (Could be a waste of resources for no additional sellable space)
  • Building height (the point at which deeper foundations are needed can make the build inefficient)
  • Shape regularity (linked to wall to floor)
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11
Q

What sources of cost data are there?

A
  • Benchmarking
  • BCIS
  • SPONS
  • Market testing
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12
Q

What are pros and cons of Benchmarking?

A

Pros
- Can be used for specific rates
- Provides a wide variety to give an average
Cons
- Need to take into account inflation and location factors
- Need to understand nuances to see if the data is applicable to your project

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13
Q

What is a fair net to gross?

A

70-80%

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14
Q

Whats a good wall to floor ratio?

A

0.4-0.5

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15
Q

What’s the difference between cost and price?

A
  • Cost is Labour, Plant, and Materials
  • Price is what the Client pays, and it includes the Cost and OH&P
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16
Q

How do you proceed if your cost plan exceeds the budget?

A
  • Check your assumptions to see how well they align with the designers’ intentions
  • Look at the reason for the overspend i.e. if the budget was based on another project, what makes this project different?
  • Look at potential value engineering solutions
17
Q

What is buildability?

A

A review during the design stage of how the components and will be manufactured and put together. Typically, this can be improved through early contractor involvement

18
Q

What is shell and core?

A

The main structure, basic services, and external shell of a building. It might also include fitting out common areas like a reception, with services leading to but stopping at tenant thresholds. Life safety equipment will typically be installed throughout however

19
Q

What is Cat A?

A

This is a fit out of basic finished such as ceiling tiles, Raised Access Flooring, carpets, and basic lighting and power

20
Q

What is Cat B?

A

This is full fit out with bespoke elements, internal walls, upgraded finishes, services feeding into floor boxes

21
Q

What is BWIC?

A

Builders Work in Connection. This is typically to take into account works such as drilling, fixing, cutting etc when they’re installing the services

22
Q

What are preliminaries?

A

Costs for items that are necessary for the Contractor to complete the works, but are not the works themselves

23
Q

What is typically excluded from a cost estimate?

A
  • VAT
  • Fees
  • Site acquisition
  • Section 106/CIL
  • Asbestos removal
  • Loose FF&E (Desks etc.)
24
Q

What is RIBA Stage 0?

A

Strategic Definition

25
Q

What is RIBA Stage 1?

A

Preparation and Brief

26
Q

What is RIBA Stage 2?

A

Concept Design

27
Q

What is RIBA Stage 3?

A

Spatial Coordination

28
Q

What is RIBA Stage 4?

A

Technical Design

29
Q

What is RIBA Stage 5?

A

Manufacturing and Construction

30
Q

What is RIBA Stage 6?

A

Handover

31
Q

What is RIBA Stage 7?

A

Use

32
Q

What is a base date of a cost estimate?

A

It is the date from which rates are based on

33
Q

What does BCIS stand for?

A

Building Cost Information Service

34
Q

What is Value Management?

A

An overall process of looking at what value mean to the client, and putting processes in place to try and ensure value is maximised in the first instance.

35
Q

What is Value Engineering?

A

The process of maintaining form and function at a reduced price, or increasing form and function at the same price

APC (17 decks)

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