Dermatology Vocabulary Flashcards
What does flexural mean?
Affects skin in joint bends
What does extensor mean?
Affects knees, elbows and shins
What does intertriginous mean?
Affects skin folds
What are the pressure areas?
Sacrum
Buttocks
Ankles
Heels
What does photosensitive mean?
Affects sun-exposed areas e.g. face, neck and back of hands
What does dermatomal mean?
Affects area of skin supplied by single spinal nerve
What does discrete mean?
Individual lesions separated from each other
What does confluent mean?
Individual lesions margining into each other
What does linear mean?
In a line
What does targetoid mean?
Concentric rings (like a dartboard)
What does annular mean?
Circle or ring with a different morphology on edges vs inner of lesion
What does discoid/nummular mean ?
Round lesion
What does macule mean?
Flat area of altered colour <1cm in diameter
What does patch mean?
Flat area of altered colour or texture >1cm in diameter
What does papule mean?
Small, raised lesion <1cm in diameter
What does nodule mean?
Solid, raised lesion >1cm in diameter with a deeper component
What does plaque mean?
Palpable, raised lesion >1cm in diameter
What does vesicle mean?
Small blister
Raised, clear fluid-filled lesions <1cm in diameter with
What does Bulla mean?
Large blister
Raised, clear fluid filled lesion >1cm in diameter
What does pustule mean?
Pus containing lesion, small and circumscribed
What is an abscess?
Localised accumulation of pus on the dermis or subcutaneous tissues
What is a wheal?
Transient raised lesion due to dermal oedema
Demarcated but not stable borders
What does comedone mean?
Pores or hair follicles that have gotten blocked with bacteria, oil and dead skin cells to form a bump on your skin
What does erosion mean?
Loss of epidermis
What does excoriation mean?
Loss of epidermis following trauma
What does lichenification mean?
Well defined roughening of skin with accentuation of skin markings
What are scales?
Flakes of stratum corneum
What does crust mean?
Rough surface consisting of dried serum, blood, bacteria and cellular debris that has exuded through an eroded epidermis
What does ulcer mean?
Loss of epidermis and dermis
What is a fissure?
Epidermal crack through to dermis
What does striae mean?
Linear areas white progress from pink to white
What is a scar?
New fibrous tissue which occurs post-wound healing
What is Koebner phenomenon?
A linear eruption arising at site of trauma
What does erythema mean?
Redness (inflammation and vasodilation) which blanches on pressure
What is petechiae?
Red or purple colour (bleeding into skin or mucous membrane) which doesn’t blanch on pressure
1-2mm diameter
What is purpura?
Red or purple colour (bleeding into skin or mucous membrane) which doesn’t blanch on pressure
2-10mm diameter
What does ecchymoses mean?
Red or purple colour (non-traumatic bleeding into skin or mucous membrane) which doesn’t blanch on pressure
> 10mm diameter (bruise)
What does hypopigmented mean?
Loss of skin colour
What does depigmentation mean?
Paler skin due to absence of melanin
What does hyperpigmented mean?
Increase in skin colour
What is Vitiligo?
Autoimmune attack on melanocytes, usually localised, symmetrical areas, associated with thyroid disease and t1dm
What is alopecia?
Attack on hair follicles causing hair loss
What is hirsuitism?
Androgen dependant hair growth in a female
What is hypertrichosis?
Non androgen dependant pattern of excessive hair growth
What is clubbing?
Loss of angle between the posterior nail fold and nail plate
What is koilonychia?
Spoon shaped depression of the nail plate
What is oncholysis?
Separation of the distal end of the nail plate from nail bed
What is pitting?
Punctate depression of the nail plate
