Demography - Migration Flashcards
Immigration
Movement into an area or society
Emigration
Movement out of an area or country
Net migration
Difference between number immigrating and number emigrating
Immigrant
A person who leaves one country to settle permanently in another
Refugee
A person who has been forced to flee their country because of persecution, war or violence
Asylum seeker
A person who says they are a refugee, but whose claim has not yet been evaluated fully
What has net migration to the UK been at since 2015?
It has been stable at around 200,000 - 300,000 per year
What countries are the biggest source of immigration?
Eastern European countries
What percentage of population growth is due to net migration?
75%
Push factors definition
Factors pushing people away from their country
Pull factors definition
Factors pulling people into a particular country
Examples of push factors
Unemployment / low wages
War and conflict
Political and religious persecution
Examples of pull factors
High wages / better job prospects
Good social welfare system
Tolerance of diversity
Less risk of natural hazards
Low crime rates
Why are population sizes in the UK increasing?
Because net migration is increasing
What does immigration lower?
The average age of the population
What percentage of the population did ethnic minorities make up by 2011?
12%
What areas do immigrants tend to settle in?
Poorer areas
What percentage of white w/c individuals think that immigration is a bad thing?
52%
What percentage of white m/c individuals think that immigration is a bad thing?
33%
What communities make up the majority of UKIP supporters?
Poorer communities
How do migrants impact public services?
Contribute to demand for public services
Contribute to financing and providing public services
In what workforces are migrants overrepresented?
Health care and social care
What was the largest immigrant group from 1900-WW2? Why?
The Irish mainly for economic reasons
What was the second largest immigrant group from 1900-WW2? Why?
Eastern and Central European Jews to escape prosecution
What immigrants began to arrive in the UK in 1950s?
Afro-Caribbean immigrants
What immigrants began to arrive in the UK in 1960s and 70s?
South Asians and East Africa Asians
Impact of immigration and nationality acts on immigrants from 1962 to 1990
Placed restrictions on non-white immigration
What group accounted for 25% of immigrants by 1980s?
Non-whites
Emigration and immigration pattern from 16th century to 1980s
More people emigrated to live elsewhere than came to settle in the UK
What is the main reason for emigration?
Economic
How do immigrants help lower the dependency ratio?
More likely to be of working age
Migrant children join workforce when of age
How do immigrants help increase the dependency ratio?
They are younger so they have more children
When did the Empire Windrush dock at Tilbury in London?
22nd June 1948
What did the Empire Windrush deliver?
Hundreds of men from the West Indies
Impact of the 22nd June 1948 on British society?
Made a massive change to British society as it marked the start of mass immigration to the UK and the arrival of different cultures
Number of Britain’s non-white residents on 1945
In the low thousands
Number of Britain’s non-white residents by 1970
Approx 1.4 million
