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Sociology - Families > Couples - Domestic Abuse > Flashcards

Couples - Domestic Abuse Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Home Office definition of domestic violence and abuse in 2013

A

“Any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive or threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between those age 16 and over who are or have been intimate partners”

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2
Q

When did the domestic abuse definition change from the Home Office 2013 definition?

A

In 2021 due to the Domestic Abuse Act

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3
Q

According to the Domestic Abuse Act 2021, when is the behaviour of person a to person b domestic abuse?

A

If a and b are both over 16 and personally connected with each other
If the behaviour is abusive

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4
Q

According to the Domestic Abuse Act 2021, when is behaviour abusive?

A

If it includes:
-Physical or sexual abuse
-Violent or threatening behaviour
-Controlling or coercive behaviour
-Economic abuse
-Psychological, emotional or other abuse

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5
Q

Economic abuse

A

Any behaviour that has substantial adverse effects on b’s ability to acquire, use or maintain money, property, good or services

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6
Q

How many times must the abusive behaviour occur for it to count as domestic abuse?

A

It doesn’t matter if it happens on numerous occasions or if it only happens once

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7
Q

What do many people believe domestic abuse is the behaviour of? (Common view)

A

The behaviour of a few disturbed or ‘sick’ individuals due to psychological issues, rather than social

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8
Q

Reason for sociologists disagreeing with common view of domestic abuse: widespread

A

DA is far too widespread to be simply the work of a few disturbed individuals

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9
Q

What fraction of violent crime is DA according to Women’s Aid?

A

Between 1/6 and 1/4

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10
Q

Large scale survey of crime

A

Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW)

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11
Q

What percentage of adults experienced DA between March 2021 and March 2022?

A

5% (2.4 million)

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12
Q

Reason for sociologists disagreeing with common view of domestic abuse: patterns

A

DA does not happen randomly, it follows particular social patterns which have social causes

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13
Q

Who found that women are more likely than men to have experienced intimate abuse?

A

Coleman

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14
Q

What can set off violent incidents from a husband according to Dobash and Dobash?

A

A husband believing his authority is challenged (E.g. if his wife asks him why he is home late for dinner)

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15
Q

What do Dobash and Dobash believe about marriage?

A

They believe it legitimates abuse against women by conferring power/authority on husbands and dependence on wives

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16
Q

When do DA incidents increase by 38% according to research carried out by the University of Lancaster?

A

When England lose football matches

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17
Q

What gender differences did the Office of National Statistics (ONS) find last year?

A

Estimated 6.9% of women (1.7 million) and 3.0% of men (699,000) experienced DA last year

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18
Q

Who stated that women are more likely than men to be victims of multiple incidents of DA?

A

Walby and Allen

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19
Q

Extent of DA for women according to Ansara and Hinden

A

Women suffer more severe violence and DA will have more psychological effects on them

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20
Q

Possible reason why less men are victims of DA than women?

A

Half of male victims fail to tell anyone they are a victims (2.5% less likely to tell than women)

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21
Q

Problem of official statistics for DA: police/prosecutor reluctance

A

According to Cheal, they may be reluctant to record, investigate or prosecute DA cases that are reported to them due to reluctance to be involved in the family

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22
Q

What three assumptions about the family do police/prosecutors? (Reason for their reluctance)

A

It’s private so not their business
Neglect dark side of family, believing family is safe environment
Assume that victims are free to leave the home/relationship

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23
Q

Why aren’t women easily able to leave an abusive partner?

A

Because they are often financially dependent on their partner

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24
Q

Problem of official statistics for DA: conviction rates

A

Conviction rates of DA are extremely low, making it likely that official statistics are incorrect

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25
Q

Problem of official statistics for DA: victims reporting DA to police

A

Victims may not want to report DA to the police

26
Q

How many assaults do women victims of DA suffer from before reporting DA to the police according to Yearnshire?

A

35 assaults

27
Q

Why are victims unwilling to report DA to the police according to Dar?

A

Because they believe it’s not a police matter

28
Q

Four explanations for DA

A

Radical feminist explanation
Materialist definition
Culture, history and social structure
Masculinity and violence

29
Q

Reason for DA according to Dobash and Dobash

A

Challenge to male authority

30
Q

What do radical feminists interpret Dobash and Dobash’s findings as? (Radical feminist explanation)

A

Evidence of patriarchy

31
Q

What are the family and marriage according to radical feminists? (Radical feminist explanation)

A

The key institutions of patriarchal society
Main source of women’s oppression

32
Q

What is investable in patriarchal society and why according to radical feminists? (Radical feminist explanation)

A

Widespread DA is inevitable to maintain the power than men have over women

33
Q

Who rejects the claim of radical feminists that all men benefit from DA against women? (Evaluation of radical feminist explanation)

A

Faith Robertson Elliot

34
Q

Why does Faith Robertson Elliot reject radical feminist claims? (Evaluation of radical feminist explanation)

A

They argue that not all men are aggressive and most oppose DA

35
Q

What do radical feminists fail to explain? (Evaluation of radical feminist explanation)

A

Female DA

36
Q

What percentage of men have experienced DA according to the 2013 CSEW?

A

18%

37
Q

What does the radical feminist explanation wrongly assume? (Evaluation of radical feminist explanation)

A

Wrongly assumes that all women are equally at risk of patriarchal violence as the ONS found that people from certain social groups are at greater risk of DA

38
Q

Examples of social groups that are at greater risk of DA

A

Low social classes
Living in shared or rented accommodation
Those with long-term illnesses
High level consumers of drugs/alcohol

39
Q

What does the materialist explanation focus on?

A

The economic and material factors to explain why some groups are more at risk than others

40
Q

Examples of economic and material factors (materialist explanation

A

Income
Housing inequalities

41
Q

What do Wilkinson and Pickett see DA as result of? (Materialist explanation)

A

Result of stress on family due to social inequities

42
Q

What increases the risk of conflict and violence between partners? (Materialist explanation)

A

High levels of stress due to low income and poor living conditions

43
Q

What is Wilkinson and Pickett’s approach useful for doing? (Evaluation of materialist explanation)

A

Useful for explaining the class differences in DA stats

44
Q

What do Wilkinson and Pickett fail to explain? (Evaluation of materialist explanation)

A

Fail to explain why women are the main victims of DA

45
Q

Who is Ansley?

A

A Marxist feminist

46
Q

What does Ansley describe wives as?

A

“Takers of shit”

47
Q

Who says DA is a product of capitalism?

A

Ansley

48
Q

Why is DA a product of capitalism according to Ansley?

A

Because male workers are exploited by workforce and take their anger out on their wives

49
Q

According to the culture, history and social structure explanation of domestic abuse, how has violence of husbands against their wives been treat historically?

A

There has been widespread acceptance for violence of husbands

50
Q

Historically, what was male DA reinforced by?

A

Social institutions

51
Q

Which sociologists looked into the culture, history and social structure explanation of DA?

A

Dobash and Dobash

52
Q

According to the culture, history and social structure explanation of domestic abuse, what does D and D say contemporary culture continues to accept?

A

Contemporary culture continues to accept that it is appropriate and reasonable for husbands to use force to control their wives

53
Q

According to the culture, history and social structure explanation of domestic abuse, what do D and D say about expectations of husbands?

A

Husbands are still expected to be dominant in families

54
Q

According to the culture, history and social structure explanation of domestic abuse, what type of institutions are families according to D and D?

A

Patriarchal institutions

55
Q

According to the culture, history and social structure explanation of domestic abuse, what attitudes does a wide culture reinforce?

A

A wide culture reinforces attitudes that DA is used to ensure wives carry out their ‘duties’ as mothers and wives, so tolerate DA

56
Q

According to the culture, history and social structure explanation of domestic abuse, what situations did DA usually come from according to a D and D 1998 study?

A

Situations where interests of husband and wife diverged and the men wanted to ensure that their interests prevailed

57
Q

According to the culture, history and social structure explanation of domestic abuse, what were key factors of DA according to D and D’s 1998 study?

A

Possessiveness and jealousy

58
Q

According to the masculinity and violence explanation for DA, who is DA more commonly used by according to D and D?

A

DA is far more commonly used by men against their female partners than by women against men

59
Q

According to the masculinity and violence explanation for DA, what is DA seen as a part of by D and D?

A

DA is seen as a part of the masculine identity

60
Q

What are important signs of masculine worth?

A

Force and intimidation

61
Q

According to the masculinity and violence explanation for DA, how do most male domestic abusers excuse their actions?

A

They say they were pushed into it and have no choice but to respond forcefully to challenges to authority by women

Sociology - Families (27 decks)

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