Dement and Klietman (Psychology/backround)

Question 1

Sleep definition

Answer 1

• A state of reduced conscious awareness and reduced movement.

Question 2

Circadian rhythm definition

Answer 2

• The natural, internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours.

controlled by the body’s internal biological clock located in the brain’s hypothalamus.

Question 3

Ultradian rhythm definition

Answer 3

• Refers to a biological rhythm or cycle that repeats more frequently than once every 24 hours.
• The sleep cycle consists of multiple ultradian rhythms, including the cycles of REM AND NREM sleep.

Question 4

REM SLEEP (Rapid Eye Movement Sleep)

Answer 4

• A sleep stage associated with the presence of desynchronised brain wave activity, muscle atonia, increased heart rate, visual dreams and bursts of rapid eye movements.
• That occurs every 90 minutes

Question 5

NREM SLEEP

Answer 5

• A sleep stage associated with low to moderate brain activity and absence of rapid eye movements and is further divided into three substages.

Question 6

STAGES OF NREM SLEEP

Answer 6

• STAGE 1: Transition stage between wakefulness and sleep.
• STAGE 2: The body begins to relax further. Brain acitivity slows.
• STAGE 3: Most restorative stage of sleep, where the body repairs and regenerates tissues,

Question 7

EEG (Electro-encephalograph)

Answer 7

• A machine used to record electrical activity in the brain.
• And records this elctrical signals as brainwave patterns. (amplitude/ frequency)
• It uses macroelectrodes to detect tiny electrical signals produced by neurons.

Question 8

EEG: Frequency

Answer 8

The number of events per (a fixed time period)
- E.g Number of eye movements per minute.

Question 9

EEG: Amplitude

Answer 9

• The height of the waves on the EGG

Question 10

EOG (Electrooculogram)

Answer 10

• A machine used to measure and record the electrical activity of the muscles surrounding the eyes.

Question 11

Dream definition

Answer 11

• A vivid visual sequence of imagery
• That occurs at regular intervals during sleep.
• (Associated with REM sleep)
• The length of time we spend in dream sleep increases during the night

Question 12

Describe the backround of the study

Answer 12

• Aserinsky and Kleitman revealed that participants who were woken from REM sleep were more likely to report a vivid, visual dream than participants that woke up from NREM.
• They also showed that we have several sleep stages alternating between REM and NREM.
• They identified changes in brain waves, reduction in body muscle activity, increases in breathing and heart rate associated with REM sleep.

Question 13

What are the 2 Psychometrics used in the study?

Answer 13

• EEG
• EOG