Dement and Klietman (evaluation)

Question 1

How does caffine affect sleep?

Answer 1

• Caffeine is a well known stimulant.
• It can interfere with the ability to fall asleep
• Disrupt the sleep cycle.

Question 2

How does Alchol affect sleep?

Answer 2

• Alcohol can have a sedative effect
• Which can disrupt the normal sleep cycle.
• Or contribute to less restorative sleep

Question 3

What is an EEG?

Answer 3

• Electro-en-cephalograph

Question 4

What does an EEG measure?

Answer 4

• electrical activity in nerve and muscle cells

Question 5

Define what an EEG is?

Answer 5

• A machine used to measure and record electrical activity in nerve and muscle cells.
• Uses macroelectrodes on the skin or scalp

Question 6

large electrodes are also called..

Answer 6

Macroelectrodes

Question 7

Name 3 strengths of this study

Answer 7

1. Lab expeirments and high level of control.
2. Objective measures used.
3. High internal validity

Question 8

Name 3 weaknesses of this study

Answer 8

1. Low ecological validity
2. Generalisability
3. The limitationsn of correlational studies

Question 9

One strength of the study was it was conducted in a controlled lab experiment which allowed the implementation of many controlled.

Answer 9

• Ppts were not allowed to drink caffinated drinks or alchol (extraneous varibles that can affect sleep patterns)
• Standardised door bell (dreams wouldn’t be forgotten by slow woken people/ consistenly wakes ppts from any dream stage)
• Regulated dark, quite sleep envrioment (to simulate a natural/familar sleeping enviroment)

Question 10

What is an EOG?

Answer 10

• a technique used to measure and record the electrical activity of the muscles that control eye movement.
• Electrodes are placed around the eyes to detect these electrical signals.

Question 11

Another strength of the study was the use of objective, biomedical monitors to meaure sleep and dreaming in a scientifc manner.

Answer 11

• EEG and EOGs were used which produced quantitative data such as brain wave activity, eye movement patterns and REM duration.
• Uninfluenced by researcher bias like other data analysis processes.
• EEG provides real-time measurements of brain activity with very high temporal resolution
• Directly measures the electrical activity of the brain, providing insight into the functioning of neural networks
• Mitigates the limitations of subjective self reports

Question 12

One weakness of the study was that it was conducted in an artifical sleep labatory thus limiting ecological validity and mundane realism

Answer 12

• Ppts were aware they were being observed by researchers and connected to machines which may have influenced their sleep behaviours (create anxiety)
• Ppts who did not drink their regular coffee/ tea may have had atypical dream content
• Ptts sleep cycle was interrupted and were required to report their dreams which is unlikley to happen normally.

Question 13

Another weakness of the study was the sample was limited and thus limits the statsical power of teh results and generalsiability

Answer 13

• The sample was too small and the results may have been indiviudal (can the same relationship between eye movements and dreaming be established in a larger sample of people?)
• Volunteer sample (ppts may have dreamed more frequently/ recalled dreams more than the rest of the populations.
• Androcentric sample (7males: 2 females)