Defintions Quiz Truck Flashcards
1
Q
1.__________________________ — Signal given to the incident commander that a specific area has been checked for victims and none have been found or all found victims have been extricated from an entrapment.
A
- All Clear
2
Q
- __________________________ — Open area in the center of a building, extending through two or more stories, similar to a courtyard but usually covered by a skylight, to allow natural light and ventilation to interior rooms.
A
- Atrium
3
Q
- __________________________— The temperature at which autoignition occurs through the spontaneous ignition of the gases or vapor given off by a heated material.
A
- Autoignition Temperature
4
Q
- __________________________ — Ignition that occurs when a sub- stance in air, whether solid, liquid, or gaseous, is heated sufficiently to initiate or cause self-sustained combustion without an external ignition source.
A
- Autoignition
5
Q
- __________________________ — Instantaneous explosion or rapid burning of superheated gases that occurs when oxygen is introduced into an oxygen-depleted confined space. The stalled combustion resumes with explosive force. It may occur because of inadequate or improper ventilation procedures. Very rapid, often explosive burning of hot gases that occurs when oxygen is introduced into an oxygen-depleted con- fined space. It may occur because of inadequate or improper ventilation procedures.
A
- Back Draft
6
Q
- ___________________________ — Type of structural framing used in some single-story and multistory wood frame buildings wherein the studs are continuous from the foundation to the roof. There may be no fire stops between the studs.
A
- Balloon Frame Construction
7
Q
- _______________________— Open web truss constructed entirely of steel, with steel bars used as the web members.
A
- Bar Joist
8
Q
8.________________________— Rapid vaporization of a liquid stored under pressure upon release to the atmosphere following major failure of its containing vessel; failure is the result of over-pressurization caused by an external heat source, which causes the vessel to explode into two or more pieces when the temperature of the liquid is well above its boiling point at normal atmospheric pressure.
A
- Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE)
9
Q
- ________________________ — Lightweight truss design noted by the bow shape, or curve of the top chord.
A
- Bowstring Truss
10
Q
- ______________________ — Amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit. One Btu = 1.055 kilo joules (kJ).
A
- British Thermal Unit
11
Q
- ___________________ —Heel (lower end) of a ladder.
A
- Butt
12
Q
- ___________________ — Safety procedure used in rescue work. When rescuers work in a hazardous area at least two rescuers must remain in contact with each other at all times.
A
- Buddy System
13
Q
- ______________________ — A steel or aluminum D-shaped snap link device for attaching components of rope rescue systems together.
A
- Carabiner
14
Q
- __________________ — Cancer-producing substance.
A
- Carcinogen
15
Q
- ____________________ — Temperature scale on which the freezing point is 0 degrees and the boiling point at sea level is 100 degrees. Also known as Centigrade scale.
A
- Celsius Scale
16
Q
- _________________ —Movement of smoke being blown out of a ventilation opening only to be drawn back inside by the negative pressure created by the ejector because the open area around the ejector has not been sealed. Also called recirculation.
A
- Churning
17
Q
- _________________ — Concealed space between the top floor and the roof of a structure.
A
- Cockloft
18
Q
- ____________________ — Device that indicates the explosive levels of combustible gases.
A
- Combustible Gas Indicator
19
Q
- ______________________ — An exothermic chemical reaction that is a self-sustaining process of rapid oxidation of a fuel, that produces heat and light.
A
- Combustion
20
Q
- _________________________________ — The systematic venting of a structure by controlling which windows and doors are opened at any given time.
A
- Compartmentalization
21
Q
21.________________________________— Generic term used to describe a high-energy foam-generation system consisting of an air compressor (or other air source), a water pump, and foam solution that injects air into the foam solution before it enters a hoseline.
A
- Compressed Air Foam System (CAFS)
22
Q
- _________________ — Physical flow or transfer of heat energy from one body to another through direct contact or an intervening medium from the point where the heat is produced to another location or from a region of high temperature to a region of low temperature.
A
- Conduction
23
Q
- _________________— System of barriers surrounding designated areas at emergency scenes intended to limit the number of persons exposed to the hazard and to facilitate its mitigation. At a major incident there will be three zones — restricted (hot), limited access (warm), and support (cold).
A
- Control Zone
24
Q
- _________________ — Transfer of heat by the movement of heated fluids or gases, usually in an upward direction.
A
- Convection
25
Q
- _________________ — Horizontal layer of individual masonry units.
A
- Course
26
Q
- _________________ — Vertical boards; fire-resistive half-walls that extend down from the underside of the roof of some commercial buildings and are intended to limit the spread of fire, heat, smoke and fire gases.
A
- Curtain Boards
27
Q
- _______________________ — Movable part of a deadbolt lock that extends from the lock mechanism into the door frame to secure the door in a locked position.
A
- Dead Bolt
28
Q
- ______________________— Weight of the structure, structural members, building components, and any other feature permanently attached to the building that is constant and immobile. Load on a structure due to its own weight and other fixed weights.
A
- Dead Load
29
Q
29.________________________________________— Safety system on an SCBA that allows two units to be hooked together in the event that one fails.
A
- Emergency Escape Breathing Support System (EEBSS)
30
Q
- ______________________ — Temperature scale on which the freezing point is 32°F (0°C) and the boiling point at sea level is 212°F (100°C) at normal atmospheric pressure.
A
- Fahrenheit Scale
31
Q
- ____________________— A specially constructed, tested, and approved fire-rated door assembly designed and installed to prevent fire spread by automatically closing and covering a doorway in a fire wall during a fire to block the spread of fire through the door opening.
A
- Fire Door
32
Q
- _____________________ — Model of the four elements/conditions required to have a fire. The four sides of the ________________________ represent fuel, heat, oxygen, and chemical chain reaction.
A
- Fire Tetrahedron
33
Q
33.________________ — Fire rated wall with a specified degree of fire resistance, built of fire-resistive materials and usually extending from the foundation up to and through the roof of a building, that is designed to limit the spread of a fire within a structure or between adjacent structures.
A
- Firewall
34
Q
- ____________________— Stage of a fire at which all surfaces and objects within a space have been heated to their ignition temperature and flame breaks out almost at once over the surface of all objects in the space.
A
- Flashover
35
Q
- ________________ — Extendable section of ground extension or aerial ladder.
A
- Fly Section
36
Q
- ____________________— Water stream of finely divided particles used for fire control.
A
- Fog Stream
37
Q
- _______________________ — Techniques used by fire personnel to gain entry into buildings, vehicles, aircraft, or other areas of confinement when normal means of entry are locked or blocked.
A
- Forcible Entry
38
Q
- ________________________ — Wood strips fastened to a wall, floor, or ceiling for the purpose of attaching a finish material.
A
- Furring Strips
39
Q
- _____________________ — Form of gusset plate. These thin steel plates are punched with acutely V-shaped holes that form sharp prongs on one side that penetrate wooden members to fasten them together.
A
- Gang Nail
40
Q
- ______________________ — Widely used interior finish material. Consists of a core of calcined gypsum, starch, water, and other additives that are sandwiched between two paper faces. Also known as gypsum wallboard, plasterboard, and drywall.
A
- Gypsum Wallboard
41
Q
- ____________ — Fastening device consisting of a loop, eye, or staple and a slotted hinge or bar; commonly used with a padlock.
A
- Hasp
42
Q
- ______________________— Course of bricks with the ends of the bricks facing outward.
A
- Header Course
43
Q
- ______________________ — Scientific measurement of how much heat is available for transfer to human skin (or any other surface).
A
- Heat Flux
44
Q
- ______________________ — Total amount of thermal energy (heat) that could be generated by the combustion (oxidation) reaction if a fuel were completely burned. The heat of combustion is measured in British Thermal Units (Btu) per pound or calories per gram.
A
- Heat of Combustion
45
Q
- ______________________— Total amount of heat produced or released to the atmosphere from the convective-lift fire phase of a fire per unit mass of fuel consumed per unit time.
A
- Heat Release Rate (HRR)
46
Q
- __________________________ — Petroleum-based organic compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon.
A
- Hydrocarbon Fuel
47
Q
- _________________________ — Steel or wooden structural member consisting of top and bottom flanges joined by a center web section so that the cross section resembles a capital I.
A
- I-Beam
48
Q
48.________________________________________— Any atmosphere that poses an immediate hazard to life or produces immediate irreversible, debilitating effects on health. A companion measurement to the permissible exposure limit (PEL), IDLH concentrations represent concentrations above which respiratory protection should be required. IDLH is expressed in ppm or mg/m3.
A
- Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH)
49
Q
- ___________________________ — Written or unwritten plan for the disposition of an incident. The IAP contains the overall strategic goals, tactical objectives, and support requirements for a given operational period during an incident.
A
- Incident Action Plan (IAP)
50
Q
50._____________________________— System by which facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and communications are organized to operate within a common organizational structure designed to aid in the management of resources at emergency incidents.
A
- Incident Command System (ICS)
51
Q
- _________________________— System described in NFPA® 1561, Standard on Fire Department Incident Management System, that defines the roles, responsibilities, and standard operating procedures used to manage emergency operations. Such systems may also be referred to as Incident Command Systems (ICS).
A
- Incident Management System
52
Q
52.______________________ — Fire that is in the initial or beginning stage and that can be controlled or extinguished by portable fire extinguishers or small hoselines.
A
- Incipient Stage Fire
53
Q
- _______________________ — Any commonly encountered gas, such as carbon monoxide in fires, whose concentration can be measured. In the absence of devices capable of measuring the concentrations of other gases present, the CO measurement may be assumed to indicate their concentrations as well.
A
- Index gas
54
Q
- ________________________ — Equipment designed and approved for use in flammable atmospheres that is incapable of releasing sufficient electrical energy to cause the ignition of a flammable atmospheric mixture.
A
- Intrinsically Safe Equipment
55
Q
- ________________________ — Unit of work or energy in the International System of Units; the energy (or work) when unit force (1 newton) moves a body through a unit distance (1 meter); takes the place of calorie for heat measurement (1 calorie = 4.19 J).
A
- Joule (J)
56
Q
- ______________________ — The energy possessed by a moving object.
A
- Kinetic Energy
57
Q
- ______________________ — A type of glass consisting of two layers of glass with a transparent layer of vinyl bonded into the center.
A
- Laminated Glass
58
Q
- ______________________ — Means by which fire spreads vertically from floor to floor in a multistory building. Fire issuing from a window laps up the outside of the building and enters the floor(s) above, usually through the windows.
A
- Lapping
59
Q
- _________________— Protected side; the direction opposite from which the wind is blowing.
A
- Leeward
60
Q
- __________________ — Polycarbonate plastic used for windows. It has one-half the weight of an equivalent-sized piece of glass, yet is 30 times stronger than safety glass and 250 times stronger than ordinary glass. It cannot be broken using standard forcible entry techniques.
A
- Lexan
61
Q
61.__________________________— Any of several petroleum products, such as propane or butane, stored under pressure as a liquid.
A
- Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
62
Q
- ______________________— Portable device that allows two or more persons to carry the sick or injured while keeping the patient immobile.
A
- Litter
63
Q
- ______________________ — In high-rise fire fighting, the individual responsible for, and the process of, taking and maintaining control of the lobby and elevators in a high-rise fire fighting situation. _________________ also includes establishing internal communications, coordinating the flow of personnel and equipment up the interior stairway(s) to upper levels, and coordinating with building engineering personnel.
A
- Lobby Control
64
Q
- ___________________ — The practice of minimizing damage and providing customer service through effective mitigation and recovery efforts before, during, and after an incident.
A
- Loss Control
65
Q
- _______________________ — Rectangular exit opening cut in a roof, allowing a section of roof deck (still nailed to a center rafter) to be tilted, thus creating an opening similar to a louver. Also called center rafter cut.
A
- Louver Cut
66
Q
- __________________________ — Lowest percentage of fuel/oxygen mixture required to support combustion. Any mixture with a lower percentage would be considered too lean to burn.
A
- Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
67
Q
- _____________________ — International distress signal broadcast by voice.
A
- Mayday
68
Q
- _____________________ — Any means other than natural ventilation. This type of ventilation may in- volve the use of fans, blowers, smoke ejectors, and fire streams.
A
- Mechanical ventilation
69
Q
- _____________________ — Vertical division between multiple windows or a double door opening.
A
- Mullion
70
Q
- _______________________ — Tendency of heat, smoke, and other products of combustion to rise until they encounter a horizontal obstruction. At this point they will spread laterally until they encounter vertical obstructions and begin to bank downward.
A
- Mushrooming
71
Q
- _____________________________ — Techniques that use the wind, convection currents, and other natural phenomena to ventilate a structure without the use of fans, blowers, or other mechanical devices.
A
- Natural Ventilation
72
Q
72.____________________________— Technique using smoke ejectors to develop artificial circulation and to pull smoke out of a structure. Smoke ejectors are placed in windows, doors, or roof vent holes to pull the smoke, heat, and gases from inside the building and eject them to the exterior.
A
- Negative Pressure Ventilation (NPV)
73
Q
- ________________________ — The point within a building, especially a high-rise, where the interior pressure equals the atmospheric pressure outside. This plane will move up or down, depending on variables of temperature and wind.
A
- Neutral Pressure Plane
74
Q
74.__________________________— Construction material made of many small wooden pieces (strands) bonded together to form sheets, similar to plywood.
A
- Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
75
Q
- ____________________ — Those operations conducted once the main body of fire has been extinguished that consist of searching for and extinguishing hidden or remaining fire, placing the building and its contents in a safe condition, determining the cause of the fire, and recognizing and preserving evidence of arson.
A
- Overhaul
76
Q
- _______________________ — Hardware mounted on exit doors in public buildings that unlocks from the inside and enables doors to be opened when pressure is applied to the release mechanism.
A
- Panic Hardware
77
Q
- _______________________— Structure on the roof of a building that may be used as a living space, to enclose mechanical equipment, or to provide roof access from an interior stairway. Also called a Bulkhead.
A
- Penthouse
77
Q
- _______________________________— A roll call of all units (crews, teams, groups, companies, sectors) assigned to an incident. Usually by radio, the supervisor of each unit reports the status of the personnel within the unit at that time. A PAR may be required by SOP at specific intervals during an incident, or may be requested at any time by the IC or the ISO.
A
- Personnel Accountability Report (PAR)
78
Q
- ____________________ — Nozzle with an angled, case- hardened steel tip that can be driven through a wall, roof, or ceiling to extinguish hidden fire.
A
- Piercing Nozzle
79
Q
- ___________________ — Large extension ladder that requires tormentor poles to steady the ladder as it is raised and lowered. Also called Bangor Ladder.
A
- Pole Ladder
79
Q
- _____________________ — Rectangular masonry column built into a wall.
A
- Pilaster
80
Q
82.________________________________— Method of ventilating a confined space by mechanically blowing fresh air into the space in sufficient volume to create a slight positive pressure within and thereby forcing the contaminated air out the exit opening.
A
- Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV)
81
Q
- ____________________ — Stored energy possessed by an object that can be released in the future to perform work once released.
A
- Potential Energy
82
Q
- ___________________ — Damage caused by a fire itself and not by actions taken to fight the fire.
A
- Primary Damage
83
Q
- __________________ — Horizontal member between trusses that supports the roof.
A
- Purlin
84
Q
- ___________________ — Thermal or chemical decomposition of fuel (matter) because of heat that generally results in the lowered ignition temperature of the material.
A
- Pyrolysis
85
Q
- _________________ — The transmission or transfer of heat energy from one body to another body at a lower temperature through intervening space by electro- magnetic waves such as infrared thermal waves, radio waves, or X rays.
A
- Radiation
85
Q
- __________________ — Groove cut in the surface or on the edge of a board to receive another member.
A
- Rabbet
86
Q
- ___________________— A second roof constructed over an existing roof.
A
- Rain Roof
87
Q
- __________________ — Two or more fully equipped and immediately available firefighters designated to stand by outside the hazard zone to enter and effect rescue of firefighters inside, if necessary. Also known as Rapid Intervention Team.
A
- Rapid Intervention Crew (RIC)
88
Q
- __________________ — Coil of lightweight, flexible metallic ribbon with extremely sharp edges; often installed on parapet walls and on fence tops to discourage trespassers.
A
- Razor Ribbon
89
Q
- __________________ — Steel bars that are placed inside concrete structural elements to reinforce and strengthen the element.
A
- Rebar
90
Q
- __________________ — Term for a rehabilitation station at a fire or other incident where personnel can rest, rehydrate, and recover from the stresses of the incident.
A
- Rehab
91
Q
- ___________________— Reignition of a fire because of latent heat, sparks, or smoldering embers; can be prevented by proper overhaul.
A
- Rekindle
92
Q
- ___________________ — Condition in which the unburned combustible gases released in a confined space (such as a room or aircraft cabin) during the incipient or early steady-state phase accumulate at the ceiling level. These superheated gases are pushed, under pressure, away from the fire area and into uninvolved areas where they mix with oxygen. When their flammable range is reached and additional oxygen is supplied by opening doors and/or applying fog streams, they ignite and a fire front develops, expanding very rapidly in a rolling action across the ceiling.
A
- Rollover
93
Q
- ___________________ — Methods and operating procedures associated with fire fighting by which firefighters attempt to save property and reduce further damage from water, smoke, heat, and exposure during or immediately after a fire by removing property from a fire area, by covering it, or other means.
A
- Salvage
94
Q
- __________________ — Damage caused by or resulting from those actions taken to fight a fire and leaving the property unprotected.
A
- Secondary Damage
95
Q
- ___________________ — First layer of roof covering laid directly over the rafters or other roof supports. ________________ may be plywood, chipboard sheets, or planks that are butted together or spaced about 1 inch (2.5 cm) apart. Also called Decking or Roof Decking.
A
- Sheathing
96
Q
- ____________________ — Having occupants remaining in a structure or vehicle in order to provide protection from a rapidly approaching hazard (fire, hazardous gas cloud, etc.).
A
- Shelter in Place
97
Q
- _________________ — An abnormal, low-resistance path between conductors that allows a high current flow that normally leads to an overcurrent condition.
A
- Short Circuit
98
Q
- _______________— Ongoing mental evaluation process per- formed by the operational officer in charge of an incident that enables him or her to determine and evaluate all existing influencing factors that are used to develop objectives, strategy, and tactics for fire suppression before committing personnel and equipment to a course of action.
A
- Size up
98
Q
- ____________________ — Device that restricts the flow of smoke through an air-handling system. Usually activated by the building’s fire alarm signaling system.
A
- Smoke Damper
99
Q
- _____________________ — Door whose entire core is filled with solid material.
A
- Solid-Core Door
100
Q
- _____________________— Metal points at the end of a ladder or staypoles.
A
- Spurs
101
Q
- _________________________ — Phenomenon of a strong air draft moving from ground level to the roof level of a building. Affected by building height, configuration, and temperature differences between inside and outside air.
A
- Stack Effect
102
Q
- ______________________ — Poles attached to long extension ladders to assist in raising and steadying the ladder. Some poles are permanently attached, and some are removable. Also called Tormentor Poles.
A
- Staypoles
103
Q
- ______________________ — Formation of smoke into layers as a result of differences in density with respect to height with low density layers on the top and high density layers on the bottom.
A
- Stratification
104
Q
- __________________— Layer of material between a roof deck and the roof covering that may or may not be bonded to the roof covering. The most common _____________ is roofing felt or tar paper.
A
- Substrate
105
Q
- _____________________ – A methodical, thought-out approach to changing the ventilation profile of a structure.
A
- Tactical Ventilation
106
Q
- ____________________ — Facility in which there is a great potential likelihood of life or property loss in the event of an attack or natural disaster.
A
- Target Hazard
107
Q
- ________________________ — Type of glass specially treated to become harder and more break-resistant than plate glass or a single sheet of laminated glass. ______________ glass is most commonly used in side windows and some rear windows.
A
- Tempered Glass
108
Q
112.________________________ — Outcome of combustion in a confined space in which gases tend to form into layers, according to temperature, with the hottest gases found at the ceiling and the coolest gases at floor level. Also called Thermal Balance or Heat Stratification.
A
- Thermal Layering
109
Q
113._______________________ — a petroleum based product that softens with an increase of temperature and hardens with a decrease of temperature but does not undergo any chemical change.
A
- Thermoplastic
110
Q
- ________________________ — Triangular opening cut in a roll-up or tilt-slab door to provide access into the building or a means of egress for those inside.
A
- Triangular Cut
111
Q
115.____________________________— Group of firefighters assigned to a fire department aerial apparatus who are primarily responsible for search and rescue, ventilation, salvage and overhaul, forcible entry, and other fireground support functions.
A
- Truck Company (Ladder Company)
112
Q
- __________________________ — Physical configuration of the land or terrain.
A
- Topography
113
Q
- _____________________________— Defensive tactic that involves cutting an exit opening in the roof of a burning building, extending from one outside wall to the other, to create an opening at which a spreading fire may be cut off. Also called Strip Vent.
A
- Trench Ventilation
114
Q
- _________________________ — Openings in floors, walls, or partitions that are not protected against the passage of smoke, flame, and heat; generally used to refer to such openings in fire walls.
A
- Unprotected Openings
114
Q
- ____________________ — Process of evolution that changes a liquid into a gaseous state. The rate of __________________depends on the substance involved, heat, and pressure.
A
- Vaporization
115
Q
- __________________— Surface layer of attractive material laid over a base of common material.
A
- Veneer
116
Q
- ______________________ — Systematic removal of heated air, smoke, gases or other airborne contaminants from a structure and replacing them with cooler and/or fresher air to reduce damage and to facilitate fire fighting operations.
A
- Ventilation
117
Q
- _________________ — Unprotected side; the direction from which the wind is blowing.
A
- Windward
117
Q
123._________________ — Flat sheet glass containing a wire mesh that is embedded in it during manufacture, which increases resistance to breakage and penetration.
A
- Wired Glass
