Definitions Quiz Pumping Flashcards
1._____________________ — Sliding and loss of control caused by applying a vehicles gas pedal too quickly.
- Acceleration Skid
2._____________________— Preservice tests on fire apparatus or equipment, performed at the factory or after delivery, to assure the purchaser that the apparatus or equipment meets bid specifications.
- Acceptance Testing
3._____________________— Sharp or severe; having a rapid onset and short duration.
- Acute
4._____________________— Introduction of air into a foam solution to create bubbles that result in finished foam.
- Aeration
5._____________________— Fire fighting vehicle equipped with a hydraulically operated ladder, elevating platform, or other similar device for the purpose of placing personnel and/or water streams in elevated positions.
- Aerial Apparatus
6.____________________— General term used to describe the hydraulically operated ladder or elevating platform attached to a specially designed fire apparatus.
- Aerial Device
7.___________________ — Power-operated ladder, usually employing hydraulics, that is mounted on a special truck chassis.
- Aerial Ladder
8.___________________ — Assembly of bracing bars or rods in triangular shapes that form a rigid framework for the aerial device.
- Aerial Ladder Truss
9.___________________ — Braking system that uses compressed air to hold off a spring brake (parking brake) and applies air pressure to a service brake for vehicle stopping.
- Air-Actuated Braking System
10.___________________ — Series of tests used to ensure the serviceability of an air braking system. Tests include air loss, air compressor buildup, air warning, and emergency parking brake activation.
- Air Brake Test
11.___________________ — Process of dropping water, short-term fire retardant, or long-term fire retardant from an air tanker or helicopter onto a wildland fire.
- Air Drop
12.__________________________________— Aqueous film forming foam that is designed for use with polar solvent fuels. See Aqueous Film Forming Foam and Foam Concentrate.
- Alcohol-Resistant Aqueous Film Forming Foam Concentrate (AR-AFFF)
13.___________________ — A coordinated approach to a wide variety of incidents; all responders use a similar, coordinated approach with a common set of authorities, protections, and resources.
- All Hazard Concept
14.___________________ — Geographic position of a location or object in relation to sea level. The location may be either above, below, or at sea level.
- Altitude
15.___________________ — Gauge that indicates both the amount of electrical current being drawn from and provided to the vehicle’s battery.
- Ammeter
16.___________________ — Point from which a fire line is begun; usually a natural or man-made barrier that prevents fire spread and the possibility of the crew being “flanked” while constructing the fire line. Examples include lakes, ponds, streams, roads, earlier burns, rockslides, and cliffs.
- Anchor Point
17.___________________— An electronic system that monitors wheel spin. When braking and a wheel are sensed to begin locking up, the brake on that wheel is temporarily released to prevent skidding.
- Anti-Lock Braking System
18.___________________ — Categorization and description of apparatus commonly exchanged in disasters via mutual aid by capacity and/or capability.
- Apparatus Typing
19.___________________ — Minimum amount of foam solution that must be applied to an unignited fire, spill, or spill fire to either control vapor emission or extinguish the fire; measured per minute per square foot (or square meter) of area to be covered.
- Application Rate
20.___________________ — Synthetic foam concentrate that, when combined with water, can form a complete vapor barrier over fuel spills and fires and is a highly effective extinguishing and blanketing agent on hydrocarbon fuels. Also known as light water.
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)
21.___________________________ — Apparatus-mounted foam proportioner in which a small quantity of water is diverted from the apparatus pump through an inline proportioner; there it picks up the foam concentrate and carries it to the intake side of the pump. It is the most common apparatus-mounted foam proportioner service.
- Around-the-Pump Proportioner
22.______________________ — Aerial device that consists of two or more booms that are attached with hinges and operate in a folding manner. A passenger-carrying platform is attached to the working end of the device.
- Articulating Aerial Platform
23.______________________ — Term used in National Fire Protection Association® (NFPA®) standards to describe incidents that have a likelihood of causing critical incident stress.
- Atypically Stressful Event
24._______________ — Tool for boring (drilling) holes in floors and other solid barriers including ice.
- Auger
25.__________________ — Cleaning a fire pump or piping by flowing water through it in the opposite direction of normal flow.
- Back Flushing
26.__________________ — Pressure loss or gain created by changes in elevation between the nozzle and pump.
- Back Pressure
27.__________________ — Intermediate partial bulkhead that reduces the surge effect in a partially loaded liquid tank.
- Baffle
28.__________________ — Location at which the primary Incident Management Logistics functions are coordinated and administered; the Incident Command Post may be co-located with the ______. There is only one ______ per incident.
- Base
29.__________________ — Fire department organizational subdivision consisting of several fire service companies in a designated geographic area. A __________ is usually the first organizational level above individual companies or stations.
- Battalion
30.__________________ — Production of foam solution by adding an appropriate amount of foam concentrate to a water tank before application; the resulting solution must be used or discarded following the incident.
- Batch Mixing
31.__________________ — Nontelescoping section of pipe, usually 3 or 3 1⁄2 inches in diameter, attached to the underside of the bed section of the aerial ladder for the purpose of deploying an elevated master stream.
- Bed Ladder Pipe
32.__________________ — Capable of being broken down into innocuous products by the actions of living things, such as microorganisms.
- Biodegrade
33.__________________ — Process of releasing a liquid or gas under pressure, such as releasing air from the regulator or cylinder of a self-contained breathing apparatus; or allowing air to escape from a hoseline before or during operations.
- Bleed
34.__________________ — Attack a fire aggressively from the exterior with a large diameter (2 1⁄2-inch or larger) fire stream.
- Blitz Attack
35.__________________ — Comprehensive method of infection control in which every patient is assumed to be infected; personal protective equipment is worn to prevent exposure to bodily fluids and bloodborne and airborne pathogens.
- Body Substance Isolation
36.________________ — Two-piece aerial apparatus stabilization device consisting of an extension arm that extends directly out from the vehicle and a lifting jack that ex-tends from the end of the extension arm to the ground. Also known as H-Jack or H-stabilizers.
- Box Stabilizer
37.________________ — Loss of braking function that occurs due to excessive use of the brakes.
- Brake Fade
38.________________ — Distance the vehicle travels from the time the brakes are applied until it comes to a complete stop.
- Braking Distance
39._______________ — Ability of a foam blanket to resist direct flame impingement such as in a partially extinguished petroleum fire.
- Burnback resistance
40.________________ — Cancer-producing substance.
- Carcinogen
41.________________ — Condition in which vacuum pockets form, due to localized regions of low pressure at the vanes in the impeller of a centrifugal pump causing vibrations, loss of efficiency, and possibly damage to the impeller.
- Cavitation
42.________________ — Pump with one or more impellers that rotate and utilize centrifugal force to move the water. Most modern fire pumps are of this type.
- Centrifugal Pump
43._______________ — Order of rank and authority in the fire and emergency services.
- Chain of Command
44._______________ — Applying grease and other lubricants to specific parts of a chassis to reduce wear, noise, and binding.
- Chassis Lubrication
45._______________ — Automatic valve that permits liquid flow in only one direction. For example, the inline valve that prevents water from flowing into a foam concentrate container when the nozzle is turned off or there is a kink in the hoseline.
- Check Valves
46.________________ — Long-term and reoccurring.
- Chronic
47._______________________________________ — Term for several diseases that result in obstructive problems in the airways.
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
48.__________________— Water storage receptacle that is usually underground and may be supplied by a well or rainwater runoff.
- Cistern
49.__________________ — Hinged valve that permits the flow of water in one direction only.
- Clapper Valves
50.__________________ — Inspection method in which the driver or inspector starts at one point of the apparatus and continues in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction inspecting the entire apparatus.
- Circle or Walk-Around Method
51.___________________— Foam specially designed for use on Class A combustibles. Class A foams, hydrocarbon-based surfactants are essentially wetting agents that reduce the surface tension of water and allow it to soak into combustible materials more easily than plain water. Class A foams are becoming increasingly popular for use in wildland and structural fire fighting. Also known as Class A Foam.
- Class A Foam Concentrate
52.___________________ — Foam fire suppression agent designed for use on ignited or unignited Class B flammable or combustible liquids. Also known as Class B Foam.
- Class B Foam Concentrate
53.____________________ — Safe area outside of the warm zone where equipment and personnel are not expected to become contaminated and special protective clothing is not required; the Incident Command Post and other support functions are typically located in this zone.
- Cold Zone
54.____________________ — Area beneath a wall in which the wall is likely to land if it loses structural integrity.
- Collapse Zone
55.____________________— A driver’s license that is issued to individuals who demonstrate competence inspecting and driving vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Rating of 26,001 pounds or more.
- Commercial Drivers’ License (CDL)
56.___________________ — Basic fire fighting organizational unit consisting of firefighters and apparatus; headed by a company officer.
- Company
57._________________________ — Generic term used to describe a high-energy foam-generation system consisting of a water pump, a foam proportioning system, and an air compressor (or other air source) that injects air into the foam solution before it enters a hoseline.
- Compressed Air Foam System (CAFS)
58.___________________— The shared assumptions, beliefs, and values of a group or organization.
- Culture
59._______________ — Operating a hydraulic pump without allowing flow through the system, which generates tremendous heat and pressure and can damage components.
- Deadheading
60.________________ — Chemical change in which a substance breaks down into two or more simpler substances. Result of oxygen acting on a material that result in a change in the material’s composition; oxidation occurs slowly, sometimes resulting in the rusting of metals.
- Decomposition
61.________________ — Exterior fire attack that is limited to controlling the spread of a fire, with an emphasis on exposure protection. Also known as Defensive Fire Attack.
- Defensive attack
62.___________________ — Height a column of water may be lifted in sufficient quantity to provide a reliable fire flow. Lift may be raised through a hard suction hose to a pump, taking into consideration the atmospheric pressure and friction loss within the hard suction hose; dependable lift is usually considered to be 14.7 feet (4.48 m).
- Dependable lift
63.____________________ — Device designed to remove diesel particulate matter or soot from the exhaust gas of a diesel engine.
- Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)
64.____________________ — Part of an overall water supply system that receives the water from the pumping station and delivers it throughout the area to be served.
- Distribution System
- _________________— Process of acquiring water from a static source and transferring it into a pump that is above the source’s level; atmospheric pressure on the water surface forces the water into the pump where a partial vacuum was created.
- Drafting
66._________________— Fire hydrant that has its operating valve at the water main rather than in the barrel of the hydrant. When operating properly, there is no water in the barrel of the hydrant when it is not in use. These hydrants are used in areas where freezing may occur.
- Dry-Barrel Hydrant
- ________________ — Permanently installed pipe that has pumper suction connections installed at static water sources to speed drafting operations.
- Dry Hydrant
68._________________ — Operation where a strong hydrant is used to supply two pumpers by connecting the pumpers intake-to-intake. The second pumper receives the excess water not being pumped by the first pumper, which is directly connected to the water supply source.
- Dual Pumping
- ________________ — Driver/operators drive with “due regard” for the safety of others using the highways. State vehicle codes provide and give special privileges to the operators or emergency vehicles; however, this does not relieve the operator from the duty and responsibility to drive with “due regard” for the safety of others.
- Due regard
- _______________ — Secured hoseline that is used to handle excess water during a relay operation.
- Dump Line
71.________________ — Location approved for water shuttle apparatus to discharge their water for other apparatus to draw during incident operations.
- Dump Site
- ___________________ — Loads that involve motion. They include the forces arising from wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, or falling objects, as well as the addition of a moving load force to an aerial device or structure. Also known as Shock Loading.
- Dynamic Load
- _______________ — Process used to mix foam concentrate with water in a nozzle or proportioner; concentrate is drawn into the water stream by the Venturi method.
- Eduction
- ___________________ — (1) Portable proportioning device that injects a liquid, such as foam concentrate, into the water flowing through a hoseline or pipe. (2) Venturi device that uses water pressure to draw foam concentrate into a water stream for mixing; also enables a pump to draw water from an auxiliary source.
- Eductor
75.___________________— Work platform attached to the end of an articulating or telescoping aerial device.
- Elevating Platform
- __________________— Height of a point above sea level or some other reference point.
- Elevation
77._____________________— Any device that uses the engine and transmission to impede the forward motion of the motor vehicle by compression of the engine.
- Engine Compression Brake
- ______________________— Location at which tankers/tenders will be loaded during a water shuttle operation.
- Fill Site
79._______________________— Foam concentrate that combines the qualities of fluoroprotein foam with those of aqueous film forming foam.
- Film Forming Fluoroprotein Foam (FFFP)
80.______________________ — Vessel or watercraft designed and constructed for the purpose of fighting fires; provides a specified level of pumping capacity and personnel for the extinguishment of fires in the marine environment. Also known as Marine Unit.
- Fire Boat
81._____________________ — Point at which the fire department can connect into a sprinkler or stand-pipe system to boost the water pressure and flow in the system. This connection consists of a clappered siamese with two or more 2 1⁄2-inch intakes or one large-diameter (4-inch or larger) intake.
- Fire Department Connection (FDC)
82._____________________ — Protective footwear meeting the design requirements of NFPA®, OSHA, and CAN/CSA Z195-02 (R2008).
- Fire Fighting Boots
83.________________________ — Procedure used to determine the rate of water flow available for fire fighting at various points within the distribution system.
- Fire Flow Testing
84._______________________ — Mechanical device installed in a discharge line that senses the amount of water flowing and provides a readout in units of gallons per minute or (liters per minute).
- Flowmeter
85._______________________ — Extendable section of ground extension or aerial ladder. Also known as Fly.
- Fly Section
86._______________ — Extinguishing agent formed by mixing a foam concentrate with water and aerating the solution for expansion; for use on Class A and Class B fires. Foam may be protein, fluoroprotein, film forming fluoroprotein, synthetic, aqueous film forming, high expansion, alcohol type, or alcohol-resistant type.
- Foam
87._______________________ — (1) Raw chemical compound solu-tion that is mixed with water and air to produce finished foam; may be protein, synthetic, aqueous film forming, high expansion, or alcohol types. (2) Raw foam liquid as it rests in its storage container before the introduction of water and air.
- Foam Concentrate
88.______________________ — Result of adding air to a foam solution consisting of water and foam concentrate. Expansion creates the foam bubbles that result in finished foam or foam blanket.
- Foam Expansion
89.______________________ — Device that injects the correct amount of foam concentrate into the water stream to make the foam solution.
- Foam Proportioner
90.______________________ — (1) The result of mixing the appropriate amount of foam concentrate with water; foam solution exists between the proportioner and the nozzle or aerating device that adds air to create finished foam. (2) The mixture of foam concentrate and water before the introduction of air.
- Foam Solution
91._______________ — Water stream of finely divided particles used for fire control.
- Fog Stream
92.______________ — Simple measure of weight, usually expressed in pounds or kilograms.
- Force
93.___________________— Device that permits a pumper to boost the pressure in a supply line connected to a hydrant without interrupting the water flow.
- Four-Way Hydrant Valve
94.__________________ — Amount of travel the clutch has before it begins to disengage the engine from the transmission.
- Free Play
95._________________ — Loss of pressure created by the turbulence of water moving against the interior walls of the hose or pipe.
- Friction Loss
96.__________________— Fire pump mounted in front of the radiator of a vehicle and powered off the crankshaft.
- Front-Mount Pump
97.___________________ — Stabilizing device that extends at an angle down and away from the chassis of an aerial fire apparatus. Also known as A-Frame, Scissor, or X-Style Stabilizer.
- Fulcrum-Type Stabilizer
98.__________________ — An inspection where a certain system or component of an apparatus is operated to ensure that it is functioning properly.
- Functional Check
99.__________________ — Superabsorbent liquid polymers capable of absorbing hundreds of times their own weight in water. These gels can be used as fire suppressants and fire retardants. Gels function by entrapping water in their structure rather than air, as is the case with fire fighting foams. Also known as Durable Agents.
- Gelling Agents
100._________________ — Theoretical safety zone that surrounds the center of gravity on an aerial apparatus.
- Gravity Circle
101.___________________ — Water supply system that utilizes lateral feeders for improved distribution.
- Grid System
102.___________________ — Maximum amount of weight that an axle system can safely carry.
- Gross Axle Weight Rating
- ___________________ — Willful and wanton disregard.
- Gross Negligence
104.____________________— Device designed to protect against electrical shock; when grounding occurs, the device opens a circuit to shut off the flow of electricity. Also known as Ground Fault Indicator (GFI) Receptacle.
- Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)
105.___________________ — Electrical field that radiates outward from where the current enters the ground; its intensity dissipates rapidly as distance increases from the point of entry.
- Ground Gradient
106.____________________— Condition, substance, or device that can directly cause injury or loss; the source of a risk.
- Hazard
107.____________________ — System of barriers surrounding designated areas at emergency scenes, intended to limit the number of persons exposed to a hazard and to facilitate its mitigation. A major incident has three zones: Restricted (Hot) Zone, Limited Access (Warm) Zone, and Support (Cold) Zone.
- Hazard-Control Zones
108.__________________— Alternate term for pressure, especially pressure due to elevation. For every 1-foot increase in elevation, 0.434 psi is gained (for every 1-meter increase in elevation, 9.8 kPa is gained). Also known as Head Pressure.
- Head
109.___________________— Device that limits noise-induced hearing loss when firefighters are exposed to extremely loud environments, such as apparatus engine noise, audible warning devices, and the use of power tools and equipment.
- Hearing Protection
110.___________________ — Hydraulic cylinders used to lift the aerial device from its bed to a working position. Also known as Elevation Cylinder or Lift Cylinder.
- Hoisting Cylinder
111.___________________— Potentially hazardous area immediately surrounding the incident site; requires appropriate protective clothing and equipment and other safety precautions for entry. Typically limited to technician-level personnel.
- Hot Zone
112.____________________ — Mechanically applied rivet used in the construction of some aerial devices; __________ can only be removed by drilling.
- Huck Bolt
113._____________________ — Specially designed tool used to open or close a hydrant and to remove hydrant caps.
- Hydrant Wrench
114._____________________ — Braking system that uses a fluid in a closed system to pressurize wheel cylinders when activated.
- Hydraulic Braking System
115.____________________ — Petroleum-based organic compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon.
- Hydrocarbon Fuel
116.____________________— To cause or undergo a chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the element of water.
- Hydrolyze
117._________________— Testing method that uses water under pressure to check the integrity of pressure vessels.
- Hydrostatic Test
- ____________________ — Slowly extending and retracting the aerial device to remove accumulated ice.
- Ice Shrugging
119.__________________— Description of any atmosphere that poses an immediate hazard to life or produces immediate irreversible, debilitating effects on health.
- Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH)
120.__________________ — Vaned, circulating member of the centrifugal pump that transmits motion to the water.
- Impeller
121._________________ — Intake orifice at the center of a centrifugal pump impeller.
- Impeller Eye
122.___________________— Person in charge of the Incident Command System and responsible for the management of all incident operations during an emergency.
- Incident Commander (IC)
123._______________________— System described in NFPA® 1561, Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System, that defines the roles, responsibilities, and standard operating procedures used to manage emergency operations. Such systems may also be referred to as the Incident Command Systems (ICS).
- Incident Management System (IMS)
124._________________________— Fire apparatus whose primary purpose is to initiate a fire attack on structural and wildland fires and support associated fire department actions. Also known as Midi-Pumper or Mini-Pumper.
- Initial Attack Fire Apparatus
125.______________________ — Method of proportioning foam that uses an external pump or head pressure to force foam concentrate into the fire stream at the correct ratio for the flow desired.
- Injection
126._________________ — Eductor that is placed along the length of a hoseline.
- In-line Eductor
127._____________________— Type of foam delivery device that is located in the water supply line near the nozzle. The foam concentrate is drawn into the water line using the Venturi method.
- In-Line Proportioner
128.______________________— Private national insurance organization that evaluates and rates fire defense for all communities through the fire-suppression rating schedule. Also serves as an advisory organization to other property-liability insurance companies. Also known as Rating Bureau.
- Insurance Services Office (ISO)
129._______________________ — Hose used to connect a fire department pumper or a portable pump to a nearby water source; may be soft sleeve or hard suction hose.
- Intake Hose
130._____________________— Safety device that prevents a component from functioning when another component is functioning.
- Interlock
131.______________________ — Step-up transformer that converts a vehicle’s 12-or 24-volt DC current into 110-or 220-volt AC current.
- Inverter
132._______________________— Condition of truck tractor/semitrailer combination when their relative positions to each other form an angle of 90 degrees or less about the trailer king-pin, such as turning the tractor portion of a tractor-tiller aerial apparatus at an angle from the trailer to increase stability when the aerial device is being used.
- Jackknifing
- _____________________— Type of foam eductor that is used to supply self-educting master stream nozzles; may be located at distances up to 3,000 feet from the nozzle.
- Jet Ratio Controller (JRC)
134.____________________ — Four-inch metal plate that runs around the bottom edge of an elevating platform to prevent a firefighter’s foot from slipping off the edge of the platform. Also known as Footplate.
- Kickplate
135._________________ — Joint between two sections of boom in an ar-ticulating aerial device.
- Knuckle
136._________________— Relay-supply hose of 3 1⁄2 to 6 inches in diameter; used to move large volumes of water quickly with a minimum number of pumpers and personnel.
- Large Diameter Hose (LDH)
137.__________________— Used on all multiple-company emergency responses. The first-arriving vehicles of each type proceed directly to the scene, and the others stand by a block or two from the scene and await orders. Units usually stage at the last intersection on their route of travel before reaching the reported incident location.
- Level 1 Staging
138.___________________— Used on large-scale incidents where a larger number of fire and emergency services companies are responding; these companies are sent to a specified remote location to await assignment.
- Level 2 Staging
139.___________________ — Theoretical, scientific height that a column of water may be lifted by atmospheric pressure in a true vacuum. At sea level, this height is 33.8 feet. The height will decrease as elevation increases.
- Lift
140.____________________ — Personnel who provide emergency services to external customers (the public).
- Line Personnel
141.____________________— Graphical or tabular description of the load that can be distributed on an aerial device based on factors such as extension, elevation, stabilizer setup, wind, waterflow, and ice-load.
- Load Chart
142._________________________— Electrical monitoring system that will shed electrical load in a predetermined order if the chassis voltage begins to drop below a predetermined level.
- Load Management System
143._______________________ — Device that “watches” an electrical system for added loads that may threaten to overload the system.
- Load Monitor
144._______________________ — Device in an electrical system that turns on lights at specified intervals so that the start-up load for all the devices does not occur at the same
- Load Sequencer
145.________________________ — When an overload condition occurs, the load monitor shuts down less important electrical equipment to prevent the overload.
- Load Shedding
146.________________________ — Skid usually caused by braking too hard at a high rate of speed and locking the wheels. The vehicle will skid no matter which way the steering wheel is turned.
- Locked Wheel Skid
147._______________________ — Keeping equipment or apparatus in a state of usefulness or readiness.
- Maintenance
148._______________________ — (1) Hole through which a person may go to gain access to an underground or enclosed structure. (2) Opening usually equipped with a removable, lockable cover, that is large enough to admit a person into a tank trailer or dry bulk trailer. Also known as Manway.
- Manhole
149.__________________________ — Component of the power train that receives torque from the engine and converts it to rotation to the wheels. A clutch is used to disengage the transmission from the engine to allow the apparatus to start, stop, or change gears to maximize engine performance.
- Manual Shift Transmission
150.________________________ — Maximum height to which any amount of water may be raised through a hard suction hose to a pump; determined by the ability of the pump to create a vacuum.
- Maximum Lift
151.________________________— High-expansion foam generator that uses a fan to inject the air into the foam solution as it passes through the unit.
- Mechanical Blower
152._______________________— Foam produced by a physical agitation of a mixture of foam concentrate, water, and air.
- Mechanical Foam
153.________________________ — Apparatus sized between a mini-pumper and a full-sized fire department pumper, usually with a gross vehicle weight of 12,000 pounds or greater. The ___________________ has a fire pump with a rated capacity generally not greater than 1,000 gpm.
- Midi-Pumper
154.___________________________— Specifications developed by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) for the purchase of materials and equipment.
- Military Specifications (Mil-Specs)
155.___________________— Small fire apparatus mounted on a pickup-truck-sized chassis, usually with a pump having a rated capacity less than 500 gpm. Its primary advantage is speed and mobility, which enables it to respond to fires more rapidly than larger apparatus.
- Mini-Pumper
156.____________________ — Materials that are capable of being mixed in all proportions.
- Miscible
157.____________________ — To cause to become less harsh or hostile; to make less severe, intense or painful; to alleviate.
- Mitigate
158._____________________ — (1) Overhaul of a fire or hazardous material scene. (2) In wildland fire fighting, the act of making a fire safe after it is controlled by extinguishing or removing burning material along or near the control line, felling dead trees (snags), and trenching logs to prevent rolling.
- Mop-Up
159.____________________________________________________— U.S. mandated Incident Management System that defines the roles, responsibilities, and standard operating procedures used to manage emergency operations; creates a Unified Incident Response Structure for federal, state, and local governments.
- National Incident Management System - Incident Command System (NIMS-ICS)
160._____________________________ — Breach of duty in which a person or organization fails to perform at the standard required by law or that would be expected by a reasonable person under similar circumstances.
- Negligence
161.________________________________— Actual amount of pressure being produced by the pump; difference between the intake pressure and the discharge pressure. Also known as Engine Pressure or Net Pressure.
- Net Pump Discharge Pressure (NPDP)
162.________________________________ — Method of testing metal objects that does not subject them to stress-related damage.
- Non-destructive Testing
163.________________________________— Water that has not been examined, properly treated, or approved by appropriate authorities as being safe for consumption.
- Nonpotable water
164._______________________________— Counterforce directed against a person holding a nozzle or a device holding a nozzle by the velocity of water being discharged.
- Nozzle Reaction
165.________________________________— Very large water tanker (generally 4,000 gallons or larger) that is stationed at the fire scene and serves as a portable reservoir rather than as a shuttle tanker. Also known as Nurse Tender.
- Nurse Tanker
166._________________— End of a charged hoseline that is flowing water without a nozzle or valve to control the flow.
- Open Butt
167.____________________________— Inspecting an apparatus and equipment on the apparatus to ensure that all equipment is in place, clean, and ready for service.
- Operational Readiness Inspection
168.____________________________— Outside stem and yoke valve; a type of control valve for a sprinkler system in which the position of the center screw indicates whether the valve is open or closed.
- Outside Screw and Yoke (OS&Y) Valve
- ___________________— Operation of equipment or a conductor in excess of its rated ampacity; continuous ____________________ may result in overheating that damages the equipment.
- Overload
170.____________________— Process of injecting or supplying the diesel engine with more fuel than can be burned.
- Overthrottling
171.____________________— Vertical extension of an exterior wall, and sometimes an interior fire wall, above the roofline of a building.
- Parapet Wall
172._______________________— Written list of expected capabilities for new apparatus. The list is produced by the purchaser and presented to the manufacturer as a guide for what is expected.
- Performance Requirements
173.______________________ — Electronic lack-of-motion sensor that sounds a loud alarm when a firefighter becomes motionless; can also be manually activated.
- Personal Alert Safety System
174._______________________— General term for the equipment worn by fire and emergency services responders; includes helmets, coats, trousers, boots, eye protection, hearing protection, protective gloves, protective hoods, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), personal alert safety system (PASS) devices, and chemical protective clothing. When working with hazardous materials, bands or tape are added around the legs, arms, and waist.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
175.___________________— Solid or flexible tube used to transfer foam concentrate from a storage container to the in-line eductor or proportioner.
- Pickup tube
176.___________________ — Mechanical means to secure the master stream monitor to the ladder; anchoring mechanisms may include pins, levers, or clamps.
- Pin
177.____________________ — Positive-displacement pump using one or more reciprocating pistons to force water from the pump chambers.
- Piston Pumps
178.________________________— Liquid having a molecule in which the positive and negative charges are permanently separated, resulting in their ability to ionize in solution and create electrical conductivity. Water, alcohol, and sulfuric acid are examples of ___________________ .
- Polar Solvents
179._________________ — Organizational principle that is developed and adopted as a basis for decision-making.
- Policy
180._____________________— Collapsible storage tank used during a relay or shuttle operation to hold water from water tanks or hydrants; this water can then be used to supply attack apparatus. Also known as Catch Basin, Fold-a-Tank, Porta-Tank, or Portable Basin.
- Portable Tank
181._____________________ — Self-priming pump that utilizes a piston or interlocking rotors to move a given amount of fluid through the pump chamber with each stroke of the piston or rotation of the rotors. Used for hydraulic pumps on aerial devices’ hydraulic systems and for priming pumps on centrifugal fire pumps.
- Positive Displacement Pump
182._____________________— Type of valve used to control underground water mains that provides a visual means for indicating “open” or “shut” positions; found on the supply main of installed fire protection systems. The operating stem of the valve extends aboveground through a “post,” and a visual means is provided at the top of the post for indicating “open” or “shut.”
- Post Indicator Valve (PIV)
183.________________________— Specific inspection to an area of a chassis or apparatus to ensure that the unit is operating properly in accordance with the manufacturer’s initial design.
- Post-Maintenance/Repair Inspection
184.________________________ — Overview and critique of an incident by members of all responding agencies, including dispatchers. Typically takes place within two weeks of the incident. In the training environment it may be used to evaluate student and instructor performance during a training evolution.
- Post Incident Analysis
185.________________________— Disorder caused when persons have been exposed to a traumatic event in which they have experienced, witnessed, or been confronted with an event or events that involve actual death, threatened death, serious injury, or the threat of physical injury to self or others.
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
186.________________________— Mechanism that allows a vehicle engine to power equipment such as a pump, winch, or portable tool; it is typically attached to the transmission.
- Power Take Off (PTO) System
187.________________________— Act of preparing to manage an incident at a particular location or a particular type of incident before an incident occurs.
- Pre-incident Planning
188.__________________ — Mixing premeasured portions of water and foam concentrate in a container. Typically, the ___________ method is used with portable extinguishers, wheeled extinguishers, skid-mounted twin-agent units, and vehicle-mounted tank systems.
- Premixing, premix
189.___________________ — Force per unit area exerted by a liquid or gas measured in pounds per square inch (psi) or kilopascals (kPa).
- Pressure
190._______________________ — Effect of altering the atmospheric pressure within a confined space by mechanical means. When air is exhausted from within the space, a low-pressure environment is created and replacement air will be drawn in; when air is blown into the space, a high-pressure environment is created and air within will move to the outside.
- Pressure differential
191._______________________ — Pressure control device that controls engine speed, eliminating hazardous conditions that result from excessive pressures.
- Pressure governor
- _________________________— Visual inspection of an apparatus to ensure the major components of the chassis are present and in proper working condition.
- Pretrip Road Worthiness Inspection
193._____________________— Any device, usually a positive-displacement pump, used to exhaust the air from inside a centrifugal pump and the attached hard suction; this creates a partial vacuum, allowing atmospheric pressure to force water from a static source through the suction hose into the centrifugal pump.
- Priming Device
194._____________________ — Outline of the steps that must be performed in order to properly follow an organizational policy. ____________ help an organization to ensure that it consistently approaches a task in the correct way, in order to accomplish a specific objective.
- Procedure
195._____________________ — Mixing of water with an appropriate amount of foam concentrate in order to form a foam solution.
- Proportioning
196._________________ — Coat worn during fire fighting, rescue, and extrication operations.
- Protective Coat
197.___________________ — Protective clothing designed to protect the hands.
- Protective Gloves
198.______________________— Hood designed to protect the fire-fighter’s ears, neck, and face from heat and debris; typically made of Nomex®, Kevlar®, or PBI®, and avail-able in long or short styles.
- Protective hood
199.________________________ — Trousers worn to protect the lower torso and legs during emergency operations.
- Protective Trousers
200.________________________ — Foam concentrate that consists of a protein hydrolysate plus additives to prevent the concentrate from freezing, prevents corrosion of equipment and containers, prevents bacterial decomposition of the concentrate during storage, and controls viscosity.
- Protein Foam Concentrate
201.________________________ — Activities required for rescue, fire suppression, and property conservation at fires that produce high radiant, conductive, or convective heat; includes aircraft, hazardous materials transport, and storage tank fires.
- Proximity Fire Fighting
202.________________________— Ability of an apparatus to pump water while the vehicle is in motion.
- Pump and Roll
203._________________________ — Charts carried on a fire apparatus to aid the pump operator in determining the proper pump discharge pressure when supplying hoselines.
- Pump Charts
204.___________________________ — Actual pressure of the water as it leaves the pump and enters the hoseline; total amount of pressure being discharged by a pump. In mathematical terms, it is the pump intake pressure plus the net pump discharge pressure. Measured in pounds per square inch.
- Pump Discharge Pressure
205.________________________ — Fire hydrant outlet that is 4 inches (102 mm) in diameter or larger.
- Pumper Outlet Nozzle
206.________________________ — Mobile water supply apparatus equipped with a fire pump. In some jurisdictions, this term is used to differentiate a fire pump equipped mobile water supply apparatus whose main purpose is to attack the fire.
- Pumper/Tender
207.________________________ — Apparatus that serves as an engine and as a ladder truck; equipped with a fire pump, water tank, ground ladders, hose bed, and aerial device.
- Quint
- ________________________ — Distance a vehicle travels while a driver transfers a foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal after perceiving the need for stopping.
- Reaction Distance
209._________________________ — Act of proceeding to do something with a conscious awareness of danger, while ignoring any potential consequences of so doing. ________________________, while not necessarily suggesting an intent to cause harm, is a harsher condition than ordinary negligence.
- Reckless Disregard, Reckless disregard
210.__________________________ — Device used to measure the amount of foam concentrate in the solution; operates on the principle of measuring the velocity of light that travels through the foam solution.
- Refractometer
211.________________________ — Allowing firefighters or rescuers to rest, rehydrate, and recover during an incident; also refers to a station at an incident where personnel can rest, rehydrate, and recover.
- Rehabilitation
212.______________________ — To shuttle water between a source and an emergency scene using mobile water supply apparatus.
- Relay
213.______________________ — Using two or more pumpers to move water over a long distance by operating them in series; water discharged from one pumper flows through hoses to the inlet of the next pumper, and so on.
- Relay operation
214._______________________ — To restore or put together something that has become inoperable or out of place.
- Repair
215._______________________ — Specially designed apparatus that combines the functions of both a rescue vehicle and a fire department pumper.
- Rescue pumper
216._______________________ — Pressure at the test hydrant while water is flowing; represents the pressure remaining in the water supply system while the test water is flowing and is that part of the total pressure that is not used to overcome friction or gravity while forcing water through fire hose, pipe, fittings, and adapters.
- Residual Pressure
217._______________________— Geographical area to which a particular apparatus is assigned to be first due on a fire or other emergency incident.
- Response district
218._______________________ — Surfaces such as those used on road signs, emergency vehicle markings, protective clothing, or safety vests which are designed to reflect light along multiple planes at once, giving the surface the appearance of illumination.
- Retroreflective Trim
219.__________ — Likelihood of suffering harm from a hazard; ex-posure to a hazard. The potential for failure or loss.
- Risk
220.__________________________ — Written plan that identifies and analyzes the exposure to hazards, selects appropriate risk management techniques to handle exposures, implements those techniques, and monitors the results.
- Risk Management Plan
221._______________ — Preservice apparatus maneuverability tests designed to determine the roadworthiness of a new vehicle.
- Road Tests
222.___________________ — Method of foam application in which the foam stream is directed at the ground at the front edge of the unignited or ignited liquid fuel spill; foam then spreads across the surface of the liquid. Also known as Bounce.
- Roll-on Application
223._______________________ — Type of positive displacement pump commonly used in hydraulic systems. A rotor with attached vanes is mounted off-center inside the pump housing; pressure is imparted on the water as the space between the rotor and the pump housing wall decreases.
- Rotary Vane Pumps
224._________________________— Form provided by the manufacturer and blender of chemicals that contains information about chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, health and safety hazards, emergency response procedures, and waste disposal procedures of a specified material. Formerly known as Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).
- Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
225.__________________________ — Three-way valve on a fire department aerial apparatus that directs oil to either stabilizer control valves or the aerial device control valves. Also known as Diverter Valve.
- Selector Valve
226.______________________________— Large-capacity nozzle with built-in foam eductor.
- Self-Educting Master Stream Foam Nozzle
227.______________________________— Handline nozzle that has the foam eductor built into it. Also known as Self-Educting Foam Nozzle.
- Self-Educting Nozzle
228.__________________ — Loads that involve motion; includes the forces arising from wind, moving vehicles, earthquakes, vibration, falling objects, or the addition of a moving load force to an aerial device or structure. Also known as Dynamic Load.
- Shock Loading
229.__________________ — Setting the stabilizers on one side of an apparatus shorter than the stabilizers on the other side; usually done when access for full restricted.
- Short Jacking
230.__________________— Hose appliance that has two or more female inlets and a single male outlet. It is equipped with hinged gates (clapper valves) that prevent water from being discharged through an open inlet.
- Siamese Appliance
231.___________________ — Perception of one’s surrounding environment and the ability to anticipate future events.
- Situational Awareness
232.____________________ — Ongoing evaluation of influential factors at the scene of an incident.
- Size-Up
233.____________________ — Uncontrolled slide across a surface in a wheeled vehicle.
- Skid
234.____________________ — Devices used in an air brake system that connect between the activation pads and the brake pads that compensate for brake pad wear.
- Slack Adjusters
235._____________________ — Hose stream that stays together as a solid mass, as opposed to a fog or spray stream; a solid stream is produced by a smooth bore nozzle and should not be confused with a straight stream.
- Solid Fire Stream
236._______________________ — Maximum number of subordinates that one individual can effectively supervise; ranges from three to seven individuals or functions, with five generally established as optimum.
- Span of Control
237._______________________— (1) Positioning the apparatus in a location that provides the utmost efficiency for operating on the fireground. (2) Positioning a ladder to reach an object or person.
- Spotting
238._______________________ — Device that transfers the center of gravity of an apparatus and prevents it from tipping as the aerial device, hydraulic lifting boom, gin pole, or A-frame is extended away from the centerline of the chassis. Also known as Outrigger or Stabilizing Jack.
- Stabilizer
239.__________________________ — Unattached flat metal plate that is larger in area than the stabilizer foot; placed on the ground beneath the intended resting point of the stabilizer foot, in order to provide better weight distribution. Also known as Jack Pad or Jack Plate.
- Stabilizer Pad
240.__________________________— Flat metal plate attached to the bottom of the aerial apparatus stabilizer to provide firm footing on the stabilizing surface. Also known as Stabilizer Boot or Stabilizer Foot.
- Stabilizer Shoe
241.________________________ — Personnel who provide administrative and logistical support to line units (internal customers).
- Staff Personnel
242._______________________— Standardized process or procedure by which available resources responding to a fire or other emergency incident are held in reserve at a location away from the incident while awaiting assignment.
- Staging
243.______________________ — Company officer of the first-arriving company at the staging who takes command of the area and is responsible for communicating available resources and resource needs to the operations section chief.
- Staging Area Manager
244.___________________________— Formal methods or rules to guide the performance of routine functions or emergency operations. ______________________ are typically written in a handbook, so that all firefighters can consult and become familiar with them.
- Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
- ____________________________ — Supply of water at rest that does not provide a pressure head for fire suppression but may be employed as a suction source for fire pumps; for example, water in a reservoir, pond, or cistern.
- Static Water Supply
- _____________________________ — Large-diameter outlet, usually 4 1⁄2 inches, at a hydrant or at the base of an elevated water storage container.
- Steamer Connection
- _____________________________ — In a steering system, the amount of travel between turning the wheel and when the steering system moves.
- Steering Wheel Play
- _________________________ — Wire or plastic basket-type litter suitable for transporting patients from locations where a standard litter would not be easily secured, such as a pile of rubble, a structural collapse, or the upper floor of a building; may be used with a harness for lifting.
- Stokes Basket
- ___________________________ — Activities required for rescue, fire suppression, and property conservation in structures, vehicles, vessels, and similar types of properties.
- Structural Fire Fighting
250.______________________________________— General term for the equipment worn by fire and emergency services responders; includes helmets, coats, pants, boots, eye protection, gloves, protective hoods, self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), and personal alert safety system (PASS) devices.
- Structural Firefighters’ Protective Clothing
251.______________________ — Chemical that lowers the surface tension of a liquid; allows water to spread more rapidly over the surface of Class A fuels and penetrate organic fuels.
- Surfactant
- _______________________ — Instrument that indicates the rotational speed of a shaft in revolutions per minute (rpm); usually indicates engine speed.
- Tachometer
- ______________________— Short relay operation in which the pumper taking water from the supply source pumps into the intake of the second pumper; the second pumper then boosts the pressure of the water even higher. This method is used when pressures higher than the capability of a single pump are required.
- Tandem Pumping
254.__________________________— Elevating platform equipped with piping systems and nozzles for elevated master stream operations. ______________________________ are not meant to be climbed and are equipped with a small ladder that is to be used only for escape from the platform in emergency situations.
- Telescoping Aerial Platform ,Telescoping aerial devices
- _____________— Term used within the Incident Command System for a mobile piece of apparatus that has the primary function of supporting another operation; examples include a water tender that supplies water to pumpers, or a fuel tender that supplies fuel to other vehicles.
- Tender
256.__________________— Theoretical, scientific height that a column of water may be lifted by atmospheric pressure in a true vacuum; at sea level, this height is 33.8 feet (10 m). The height will decrease as elevation increases.
- Theoretical Lift
257.____________________— Component used to push on the internal clutch fingers connected to the clutch pedal and when activated, disengages the clutch from the engine.
- Throw-Out Bearing
- _______________________ — Trailer equipped with steerable rear wheels.
- Tillered Trailer
- ___________________________ — Driver/operator of the trailer section of a tractor-tiller aerial ladder apparatus. Also known as Tillerman.
- Tiller Operator
260.______________— Truck that uses a cab that lowers over the power train.
- Tilt Cab
261._________________— Twisting action or an applied force resulting in a rotational twist.
- Tortional Stress
262._______________— (1) Force that tends to create a rotational or twisting motion. (2) Measurement of engine shaft output. (3) Force that produces or tends to produce a twisting or rotational action.
- Torque
263._____________________— Sum of the driver reaction distance and the vehicle braking distance.
- Total Stopping Distance
264._____________________— Operational zone established on or near a roadway for the rerouting of traffic and protection of civilians and responders; may include a hot, warm, and cold zone depending on the incident.
- Traffic Control Zone
- _________________________ — Operation of fire and emergency services training covering one or several aspects of fire fighting.
- Training Evolution
- ________________ — In a hydraulic cylinder, the pivoting end of the piston rod that is connected to the anchor ear by the heel pin.
- Trunnion
- ___________________ — Rotational structural component of the aerial device. Its primary function is to provide continuous rotation on a horizontal plane.
- Turn Table
268._______________________ — Organizational principle in which workers report to only one supervisor in order to eliminate conflicting orders.
- Unity of Command
- _________________________—In the fire and emergency services, a pressure that is somewhat less than atmospheric pressure; a ________________ is needed to facilitate drafting of water from a static source.
- Vacuum, vacuum
270.__________________________________— Foam proportioning system that is used in both fixed and mobile applications; a variable speed mechanism drives the foam pump and automatically monitors the flow of foam to produce an effective foam solution.
- Variable-Flow Demand-Type Balanced-Pressure Proportioner
271.___________________________________— Apparatus-mounted foam system that injects the correct amount of foam into the pump piping, thereby supplying all discharges with foam. The system automatically monitors the operation of the hoselines and maintains a consistent quality of foam solution.
- Variable-Flow Variable-Rate Direct-Injection System
272._____________________________ — Ground above underground vaults, such as underground parking structures, utility chases, drainage culverts, and basements, that extends under sidewalks or underground transportation systems.
- Vaulted Surfaces
273.______________________— Physical law stating that when a fluid, such as water or air, is forced under pressure through a restricted orifice, there is an increase in the velocity of the fluid passing through the orifice and a corresponding decrease in the pressure exerted against the sides of the constriction. Because the surrounding fluid is under greater (atmospheric) pressure, it is forced into the area of lower pressure.
- Venturi Effect
274._____________________— Device used for measuring existing voltage in an electrical system.
- Volt Meter
- ____________________— Spiral, divergent chamber of a centrifugal pump, in which the velocity energy given to water by the impeller blades is converted into pressure.
- Volute
276.______________________ — Area between the hot and cold zones that usually contains the decontamination corridor; typically requires a lesser degree of personal protective equipment than the Hot Zone.
- Warm Zone
- __________________ — Force created by the rapid deceleration of water; causes a violent increase in pressure that can be powerful enough to rupture piping or damage fixtures. Generally results from closing a valve or nozzle too quickly.
- Water Hammer
278.______________________ — Pumper that takes water from a source and sends it to attack pumpers operating at the fire scene.
- Water Supply Pumper
279._______________________ — Aerial device primarily intended for deploying an elevated master stream; not generally intended for climbing operations. Also known as Elevating Master Stream Device.
- Water Tower
280.____________________ — Replaceable rings that are attached to the impeller and/or the pump casing to allow a small running clearance between the impeller and pump casing without causing wear of the actual impeller or pump casing material.
- Wear Rings
281.___________________— Fire hydrant that has water all the way up to the discharge outlets; may have separate valves for each discharge or one valve for all the discharges. This type of hydrant is only used in areas where there is no danger of freezing weather conditions.
- Wet-Barrel Hydrant
282._____________________— Line, area, or zone where an undeveloped wildland area meets a human development area.
- Wildland/Urban Interface
- _____________ — Hose appliance with one female inlet and two or more male outlets; the outlets are usually smaller than the inlet and are usually gated.
- Wye
