defence mechanisms

Question 1

defence mechanisms

Answer 1

Freud argued that when we are confronted with a situation we are unable to deal with, defence mechanisms are triggered and these are unconscious strategies that the ego uses to manage conflict between the id and the superego.
They distort reality so that anxiety is reduced.
They are only temporary, and the only way to deal with these situations is to directly confront them in therapy.

Question 2

repression

Answer 2

To force a distressing memory out of our conscious mind.
However, the repressed memories can and still do influence behaviour, the individual is unaware of the reasons behind their behaviour.
Evidence for repression comes from studies on childbirth, the vast majority of women do seem to repress the memory of pain.

Question 3

denial

Answer 3

The refusal to accept reality, therefore meaning that the person can avoid having to deal with any painful feelings associated with a particular event and may even act as though the event has not even occurred.
E.g. alcoholics who refuse to accept they have a problem

Question 4

displacement

Answer 4

The redirection of hostile feelings towards a more acceptable target.
Can mean that aggression or anger is directed towards a helpless victim or object.